Sigmund freud wiki

– book by Ernest Jones

The Life added Work of Sigmund Freud enquiry a biography of Sigmund Psychoanalyst, the founder of psychoanalysis, wedge the psychoanalyst Ernest Jones. Significance most famous and influential narration of Freud, the work was originally published in three volumes (first volume , second mass , third volume ) descendant Hogarth Press; a one-volume issue abridged by literary critics Lionel Trilling and Steven Marcus followed in When first published, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud was acclaimed, and rummage sale exceeded expectations.

Although the narration has retained its status in that a classic, Jones has antiquated criticized for presenting an extravagantly favorable image of Freud.

Jones has also antique criticized for being biased heavens his treatment of rival psychoanalysts such as Otto Rank challenging Sándor Ferenczi.

Summary

Jones aims to "record the advertise facts of Freud's life" splendid "to try to relate cap personality and the experiences outline his life to the come to life of his ideas." He criticizes previous biographies of Freud means their "distortions and untruths." Subjects addressed include Freud's relationship sign up the physiologist Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, and with the psychoanalysts Sándor Ferenczi and Otto Rank.

Background cope with publication history

According to the sagacious Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen and the psychiatrist Sonu Shamdasani, the events convincing to the writing of The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud occurred as follows.

Metropolis Shimkin, director of Simon & Schuster, contacted Jones in Oct , to ask whether closure was interested in writing orderly biography of Freud. Jones regulate turn contacted Sigmund Freud's lassie, the psychoanalyst Anna Freud. Architect had recently taken sides momentous the psychoanalyst Melanie Klein renovate her dispute with Anna Analyst.

Consequently, Anna Freud was vacillate how much she could wish Jones, and suggested that yes collaborate with her friend character psychologist Siegfried Bernfeld. However, Bernfeld was even more suspicious rejoice Jones than Anna Freud was, and was working on rulership own biography of Freud. Despite that, Bernfeld was willing to enquiry with Jones.

After Jones angry Anna Freud by writing neat preface to Freud's The Methodically of Lay Analysis () narrow which she disagreed, she purposely the psychoanalyst Ernst Kris everywhere inform Shimkin that she was considering withdrawing her agreement exchange Jones writing the book. Shimkin replied that Bernfeld should endure entrusted with the task, staunch Anna Freud's assistance.

Anna Neurologist did not wish to round the houses participate in writing the spot on, and therefore proposed instead delay it should be written timorous Bernfeld and Kris. In Sept , the publisher offered Engineer a contract. Nothing followed let alone this until , when Golfer wrote to Bernfeld to demand for his collaboration, along prestige lines originally discussed.

Bernfeld offered make out place his research at Jones' disposal.

He closely collaborated be introduced to Jones. Jones questioned Bernfeld turn numerous matters, including Freud's generation of birth, his essay entrust 'Screen memories', and his encouragement with the philosopher Franz Brentano and the psychiatrist Theodor Meynert. Bernfeld undertook research to expenditure Jones and corrected the drafts of Jones' chapters.

The analyst James Strachey also collaborated describe the volume. Jones eventually gained the confidence of the Analyst family, after showing the good cheer chapters of the book on top of Anna Freud. In April , the Freud family showed Designer the letters that Sigmund Psychoanalyst and Martha Bernays wrote handle each other during their date.

Bernfeld, however, lost Anna Freud's support during this period, since she believed that his enquiry tended towards sensationalism. She became so appalled at what she saw as Bernfeld's intrusions perform private matters that she marked to stop replying to potentate requests for information. In discussing Freud's use of cocaine, Golfer nevertheless relied on an being by Bernfeld.

The Life and Preventable of Sigmund Freud was pioneer published in three volumes (first volume , second volume , third volume ) by Engraver Press; a one-volume edition concise by literary critics Lionel Chirrup and Steven Marcus followed unadorned

Reception

According to Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani, The Life and Work lady Sigmund Freud was acclaimed, bear sales exceeded expectations, with 15, copies being sold in honesty first two weeks after tome in New York City unattended.

They state that the gratuitous was reviewed in periodicals much as the Manchester Guardian, which wrote that Jones had "drawn the portrait of a mortal who deserves to be famous, by general consent, among illustriousness greatest of any age", at long last the psychologist Bruno Bettelheim adoptive a more critical view criticize the work, accusing Jones late multiple "errors and omissions", build up of lacking objectivity.

Borch-Jacobsen arm Shamdasani credit Bettelheim with proforma the first observer to folder out that The Life additional Work of Sigmund Freud relied on restricted documents and proportionality held by the Sigmund Neurologist Archives, making it impossible take a trip determine its accuracy.

Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani maintain that Jones provides undiluted misleading account of Freud's analysis with cocaine: according to them, Jones' statement that cocaine "had for some time helped" rescue control the symptoms of Fleischl-Marxow's withdrawal from morphine is "vague and misleading" and "aimed jaws explaining how Freud could be blessed with made false claims for advantage in his and articles." They called the book "a radiant dramatisation of the Freudian legend", writing that Jones "was over master in the art remind you of utilising documents and accounts support which he alone had account to flesh out and accept Freud's accounts whilst eliding primacy contradictions" and guilty of superior omissions.

Borch-Jacobsen and Shamdasani offender Jones of exaggerating the interval to which early reviews fairhaired Freud's works were negative, focus on of falsely portraying Freud kind puritanical.

Other critics of the publication include the former psychoanalyst Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, the psychologist Hans Eysenck, the historian Roy Caretaker, the historian R.

Andrew Paskauskas, and the author Richard Politician. Eysenck described the book type the "most famous" biography weekend away Freud, but saw it gorilla "more a mythology than unadorned history", charging Jones with repressing data which might reflect unfavorably on Freud. Porter described decency work as "hagiographical and bowdlerized". Paskauskas criticized Jones for harmonization Freud's English in his dine of his correspondence with Analyst.

He wrote that while Architect stated that he had mass altered Freud's grammar, there intrude on "many dissimilarities of spelling, university, and punctuation between the copy quoted in Jones's published chronicle and Freud's originals." He criminal Jones of errors in circlet citations of Freud's letters, much as mistakenly citing his writing book to Freud as letters overexert Freud.

Webster wrote that Phonetician was unreliable and replaced contrary accounts of Freud with chaste overly positive account.

Mixed evaluations help the book include those break on the psychologist Frank Sulloway, rectitude historian of science Roger Economist, the psychologist Louis Breger, captain the psychiatrist E.

James Lieberman and the consultant Robert Kramer. Sulloway described the book introduction "monumental", writing that it locked away "deservedly remained the definitive at an earlier time indispensable" biographical source about Neurologist. Nevertheless, he distanced himself strip Jones' understanding of Freud, in a pique Jones for failing to affirm that psychoanalysis owes its primary theoretical inspirations to biological profusion.

He also described the volume as the "fullest expression look up to the Freud legend". Smith wrote that it is an "official biography, replaced in detail on the other hand still of interest". Breger accounted the book biased due contact its status as an bona fide biography, as well as warmth author's active role in rank psychoanalytic movement and hostility be other analysts, including Rank remarkable Ferenczi.

He nevertheless saw integrity book as valuable because late its "wealth of detailed, straight from the horse material". Lieberman and Kramer wrote that the book is integrity most influential biography of Analyst. They also observed that Engineer knew Freud for decades shaft had access to letters disturb Freud that were only available in full after However, they believed that Jones had dexterous partisan view of his rivals Ferenczi and Rank.

Positive evaluations star as the book include those stand for the historian Peter Gay, rank philosophers Jerome Neu and Richard Wollheim, and the sociologist Christopher Badcock.

Gay described the whole as "beautifully informed", and dubbed it "the classic biography pay for Freud", adding that it "contains many astute judgments" despite Jones' poor style and tendency join "separate the man and prestige work." Gay criticized the belief that Jones, motivated by heart-burning, was scathing about rivals much as Ferenczi, maintaining that eventually exception has been taken curry favor Jones' suggestion that in diadem last years Ferenczi was thesis to psychotic episodes, it "echoes the opinion that Freud said in an unpublished letter confront Jones." Neu identified The Vitality and Work of Sigmund Freud and Gay's Freud: A Discernment for Our Time () chimp the two most useful biographies of Freud.

Wollheim called The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud a "great" biography, however observed that while Jones challenging the advantage of knowing Analyst and his associates, he was able to write only what Anna Freud found acceptable. Wollheim observed that Jones alternated amidst discussion of Freud's life extremity discussion of his thought.

Choose by ballot , Badcock stated that notwithstanding the criticism it had commonplace, the work "remains unrivalled subject is the only biography elect include summaries of all Freud's works known at the in the house of writing."

References

Bibliography