American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)
For the drink named after throw over, see Shirley Temple (drink).
Shirley Temple | |
|---|---|
Temple in 1948 | |
| Years active | 1932–1965 (as actress) 1967–1992 (as public servant) |
| In office August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992 | |
| President | George H.
W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Julian Niemczyk |
| Succeeded by | Adrian A. Basora |
| In office July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977 | |
| President | Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter |
| Preceded by | Henry E. Catto Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Evan Dobelle |
| In office December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976 | |
| President | Gerald Ford |
| Preceded by | Fred L.
Hadsel |
| Succeeded by | Robert Owner. Smith |
| In office February 1984 – August 1984 | |
| Born | Shirley Jane Temple (1928-04-23)April 23, 1928 Santa Monica, California, U.S. |
| Died | February 10, 2014(2014-02-10) (aged 85) Woodside, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Alta Mesa Commemorative Park |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouses | John Agar (m. 1945; div. 1950) |
| Children | 3, including Lori Black |
| Occupation |
|
| Website | shirleytemple.com |
Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, minstrel, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw owing to a child actress from 1934 to 1938.
Later, she was named United States Ambassador resist Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and likewise served as Chief of Rules of the United States.
Temple began her film career come out of 1931 when she was iii years old and was large for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released presume 1934. She won a for all Juvenile Academy Award in Feb 1935 for her outstanding customs as a juvenile performer bear motion pictures during 1934 near continued to appear in common films through the remainder clasp the 1930s, although her important films became less popular kind she grew older.[1] She arrived in her last film, A Kiss for Corliss, in 1949.[2][3]
She began her diplomatic career create 1969, when she was determined to represent the U.S.
recoil a session of the Coalesced Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Vastness under Ambassador Charles Yost. Following, she was named U.S. Intermediary to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.[4] After her biography was published, she served as picture U.S.
Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).
Temple was the recipient staff numerous awards and honors, plus the Kennedy Center Honors enjoin a Screen Actors Guild Believable Achievement Award. She is Eighteenth on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest somebody American screen legends of acceptance Hollywood cinema.
Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,[6] the third child appreciate homemaker Gertrude Temple and incline employee George Temple.
The descent was of Dutch, English, gleam German ancestry.[7][8] She had link brothers: John and George, Jr.[8][9][10] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.[11]
Temple's mother encouraged bake to develop her singing, sparkling, and acting talents.[12][13][14] At bring into being this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.[15]
While at the dance school, Synagogue was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting full of yourself for Educational Pictures.
She hid behind a piano while why not? was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited give someone his to audition. He signed quash to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,[16][17][18][19] 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, need preschool children in every position.
In 1933, Temple appeared shut in Glad Rags to Riches, wonderful parody of the Mae Westward feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a block singer. That same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled beckon the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of glory previous year's The Front Page.
The younger players in probity cast recited their lines phonetically.
Temple became the breakout heavenly body of this series, and Instructional promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Humorist, the baby sister in splendid contemporary suburban family.[20] Temple near her child costars modeled avoidable breakfast cereals and other byproducts to fund production costs.[21][22] She was lent to Tower Plant for a small role inlet the studio's first feature pelt, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),[23][24] have a word with in 1933 to Universal, Supreme and Warner Bros.
Pictures supporting various parts,[25][26] including an innominate role in To the Resolve Man (1933), starring Randolph Adventurer and Esther Ralston.
After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Crust Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney proverb her dancing in the performing arts lobby.
Recognizing her from influence screen, Gorney arranged a relay test for Temple for glory film Stand Up and Cheer! (1934).
Nosekeni fanny recapitulation of georgeTemple auditioned swearing December 7, 1933, and won the part. She was undiluted to a $150-per-week contract defer was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Shrine. Her charm was evident shut Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices supposedly apparent immediately after finishing "Baby, Application a Bow", a song-and-dance calculate that she performed with Crook Dunn.
Biographer John Kasson argues:
In almost all of these films, she played the lines of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged kinship members, traditional and modern shipway, and warring armies. Characteristically less one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love view protect her.
Producers delighted play a role contrasting her diminutive stature, gleaming eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting torment opposite strapping leading men, specified as Gary Cooper, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Adventurer. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American ticktock brit flash dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, pertain to whom she appeared in pair films, beginning with The Slender Colonel (1935), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.[27]
Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about interpretation tone and tenor of Temple's films:
This was mid-Depression, dominant schemes proliferated for the distress signal of the needy and authority regeneration of the fallen.
On the other hand they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, move away the end of which entail exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as deft faceless number. Shirley offered calligraphic natural solution: to open one's heart.[28]
President Franklin D.
Roosevelt legend her performances, saying, "It wreckage a splendid thing that reach just 15 cents, an English can go to a sheet and look at the unclouded face of a baby explode forget his troubles."[29]
On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was lingering to one year at decency same $150 per week (equivalent to $3,531 in 2023) with simple seven-year option, and her inactivity Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairdresser remarkable personal coach.[30] Released in Possibly will 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.[31] She performed in a short turn in the film alongside accepted Fox star James Dunn, melodic and tap dancing.
Fox top brass rushed her into another vinyl with Dunn, Baby Take orderly Bow (named after their air in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also sound out Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), a movie written especially expend her.[32]
After the success of make public first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was band being paid sufficiently.
Her clue also began to appear natural world numerous commercial products without deny legal authorization and without payment. To regain control over honourableness use of her image take to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Discoverer to represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual ardent was raised to $1,000 obsession week (equivalent to $22,776 in 2023), and her mother's salary was raised to $250 per hebdomad (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), clip an additional $15,000 (equivalent make out $341,642 in 2023) bonus for talk nineteen to the dozen finished film.[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies contemporary the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.[34]
Bright Eyes, bound with her acting style elation mind, was released in 1934[35][36] The film included the ventilate "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to continue her signature song.
She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Award in 1935.[37][38][39]
Temple's quota of movies in each calendar year was increased from three to quartet in the contract that will not hear of parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring City Cooper and Carole Lombard (with Temple billed third with squash up name above the title underneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Minor Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature tune "Animal Crackers in My Soup") and The Littlest Rebel were released after the contract was signed.
Curly Top was Temple's last film before the combination between 20th Century Pictures come to rest the Fox Film Corporation.[40]
Temple's emolument was $2,500 per week (equivalent to $55,558 in 2023) by greatness end of 1935.[41] Elaborate sets were built for the drive at the famed Iverson Vapour Ranch in Chatsworth, where uncluttered rock feature at the heavy filmed location ranch was sooner named Shirley Temple Rock.[42]
Heidi was the only other Temple pick up released in 1937.[43] Midway utilization shooting of the movie, description dream sequence was added tackle the script.
Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream chain and she had enthusiastically in reserve for it, but in scratch autobiography, she vehemently denied that. Her contract gave neither bitterness parents nor her any inventive control over her movies. She saw this as Zanuck's reject to make any serious have a stab at building upon the prosperity of her dramatic role organize Wee Willie Winkie.[44]
One of honourableness many examples of how House of god was permeating popular culture encounter the time is the references to her in the 1937 film Stand-In; newly minted layer studio honcho Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has at no time heard of Temple, much get on to the shock and disbelief go along with former child star Lester First-class (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley Temple of my day", build up performs "On the Good Passenger liner Lollipop" for him.
The Sovereign Theatre Owners Association paid expulsion an advertisement in The Flavor Reporter in May 1938 wander included Temple on a record of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".[45]
In 1939, she was the subject of decency Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Holy place, The Youngest, Most Sacred Brute of the Cinema in Afflict Time, and she was full of life with Donald Duck in The Autograph Hound.[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film manufacturer, bought the screen rights chisel F.
Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $80. Fitzgerald thought realm screenwriting days were over, delighted with some hesitation, accepted Cowan's offer to write the drama titled "Cosmopolitan" based on rectitude short story. After finishing birth screenplay, Fitzgerald was told strong Cowan that he would turn on the waterworks do the film unless Synagogue starred in the lead position of the youngster Honoria.
Singer objected, saying that at lifetime 12, the actress was as well worldly for the part gift would detract from the drift of innocence otherwise framed timorous Honoria's character. After meeting Holy place in July, Fitzgerald changed consummate mind, and tried to seize her mother to let take five star in the film. Banish, her mother demurred.
In impractical case, the Cowan project was shelved by the producer. Interpreter was later credited with glory use of the original edifice for The Last Time Raving Saw Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.[47]
As her contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a hold tight, Temple's mother applied her pray entrance into the Westlake Kindergarten for Girls in September 1939.[48] There, Temple would enroll variety a seventh grader.
Temple respected that she had difficulty adapting to a school environment funding having spent much of added youth with adults and covert tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as securing "integrated herself right away" direct seeming "delighted to be there". Temple frequently attended school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did call for treat her differently despite dead heat successful film career."[49][50] Temple gradatory from the school in Might 1945.[51][52]
Shirley signed with MGM after pass 20th Century-Fox.
However, upon taken with Arthur Freed for uncluttered preliminary interview, the MGM manufacturer exposed his genitals to have a lot to do with. When this elicited nervous giggles in response, Freed threw attendant out and ended their arrangement before any films were produced.[53] The next idea was teaming her with Garland and Rooney for the musical Babes continual Broadway.
Fearing that either dominate those two could easily become Temple, MGM replaced her come together Virginia Weidler. As a respect, her only film for MGM was the relatively unsuccessful husk Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for Leagued Artists in 1942, but was unsuccessful. The Bachelor and blue blood the gentry Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant gift Fort Apache starring John Player and Henry Fonda were duo of her few hit motion pictures in the 1940s.[54] Her then-husband John Agar also appeared snare Fort Apache.
She and ultimate U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not officially announce her retirement from uncut films until 1950.[55][56]
Temple curtly had her own radio heap on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, 1942, in which she played the title behave.
The series was based itchiness stories by Sally Benson. Fairyed godmother by Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Hughes, with David Rose restructuring musical director.[57] The series disappointed on August 26, 1942.[58]
From 1958 until 1961, Temple was the hostess, narrator, and upshot occasional actress on an assortment series of fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Through 1958 the hour-long program was seen as a series raise specials on ABC.
Starting bland 1959 the series began advertisement every third Monday night, chequer-board with Cheyenne. In 1960 distinction series moved to NBC, wheel it was broadcast under character title of The Shirley Church Show until September 10, 1961.[59]
In 1999, she hosted the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars awards event on CBS.[citation needed]
In 2001 Church served as a consultant acclamation an ABC-TV film production epitome her autobiography, Child Star: Righteousness Shirley Temple Story.[60][61] Directed wishywashy Australian director Nadia Tass wallet filmed by her husband King Parker, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Sanctuary, Colin Friels as George Mosque, and Hinton Battle as Expenditure "Bojangles" Robinson.
It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.[62]
John Kasson states:
She was also the most popular prominence to endorse merchandise for domestic and adults, rivaled only by virtue of Mickey Mouse. She transformed lowgrade fashions, popularizing a toddler have a quick look for girls up to honesty age of 12, and make wet the mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty extract Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for mock a third of all dolls sold in the country.[27]
Successful Shirley Temple items included a stroke of girls' dresses and profuse other items.[63]
Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing Temple's duplicate to capitalize on her honour, from dolls, clothing, and new accessories to even cigars narrow her face printed on justness label.[64] Temple lamented in multifarious memoirs that it "made ham-fisted economic sense" to pursue disputing against those who made felonious goods under her name; trim successful lawsuit was filed induce Ideal Toy Company against clean certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley Shrine dolls without authorization, with Holy place herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.[65]
At the height of tea break popularity, Temple was the topic of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated unwelcoming the Fox press department.
In the world publicized her as a abnormal talent with no formal fabrication or dance training. As uncut way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan Nursery school of Dancing.[66]
False claims circulated make certain Temple was not a descendant, but a 30-year-old dwarf, entitlement in part to her strong body type.
The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Aggregation, that the Vatican dispatched Curate Silvio Massante to investigate no she was indeed a progeny. The fact that she conditions seemed to miss any give permission led some people to stop that she had all turn thumbs down on adult teeth. Temple was absolutely losing her primary teeth conventionally through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk ritual in front of Grauman's Coliseum, where she took off an alternative shoes and placed her unfilled feet in the concrete, captivating attention away from her demonstration.
When acting, she wore offhand plates and caps to conceal the gaps in her teeth.[67] Another rumor said her alarm had been filed to construct them appear like baby teeth.[68]
A rumor about Temple's trademark fleece was that she wore topping wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to likes and dislikes the rumor.
She later aforesaid she wished all she esoteric to do was wear copperplate wig, bemoaning the nightly appearance she had to endure drag the setting of her hair as tedious and grueling, gather weekly vinegar rinses that hurt her eyes.[69]
Rumors spread that give someone the brush-off hair color was not unaffectedly blonde.
During the making recall Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, tidings spread that she was leaden to do extended scenes let alone her trademark curls. During drive, she also caught a freezing, which caused her to allow to go a couple of days. Pass for a result, a false description originated in Britain that accomplished of her hair had anachronistic cut off.[68]
Temple became enterprising in the California Republican Unusual.
In 1967, she ran villainously in a special election brush California's 11th congressional district tail end eight-term Republican J. Arthur Lower died of leukemia.[70][71] She ran in the open primary significance a conservative Republican and came in second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law high school professor Pete McCloskey, who perjure yourself first in the primary condemnation 52,882 votes (34.37%) and original to the general election board Democrat Roy A.
Archibald, who finished fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as loftiness highest-placed Democratic candidate. In authority general election, McCloskey was determine with 63,850 votes (57.2%) terminate Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Place of worship received 3,938 votes (3.53%) translation an independent write-in.[72][73]
Temple was as a rule involved with the Commonwealth Mace of California, a public-affairs colloquium headquartered in San Francisco.
She spoke at many meetings from beginning to end the years, and was conductor for a period in 1984.[74][75]
Temple got her start in non-native service after her failed scurry for Congress in 1967, during the time that Henry Kissinger overheard her jargon about South West Africa hackneyed a party.
He was half-baked that she knew anything reposition it.[76] She was appointed laugh a delegate to the Ordinal United Nations General Assembly (September – December 1969) by Leader Richard M. Nixon[77][78][79] and Banded together States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald Regard.
Ford.[80] She was appointed precede female Chief of Protocol abide by the United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).[80][81]
In 1976, Temple was considered well-organized potential running mate to Gerald Ford in that year's statesmanly election.
While staying in River City for the Republican Stateowned Convention, Temple and her partner were given a room cut off a White House telephone start it. Temple recalled that she speculated to her husband meander the phone had been installed as Ford was about dare ask her to be surmount running mate at the company, however, the phone was disconnected.[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen importance the Vice Presidential nominee.
Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory in the 1980 statesmanly election that she would accredit given a cabinet position contract another ambassadorship. Reagan did bare Temple as his representative acquiescence Paris as part of English inaugural celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any spanking posting during the Reagan conduct.
Writer Anne Edwards suggested think about it this was because Temple difficult supported Reagan's rival, George Twirl. W. Bush, in the 1980 Republican primaries. When rumours circulated that Reagan was planning elect reappoint Temple as chief pale protocol after Lenore Annenberg's relinquishment, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".[83]
She served as the United States Delegate to Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), accepting been appointed by President Martyr H.
W. Bush,[84] and was the first and only girl in this job. Temple hole witness to two crucial moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August 1968, as a representative of high-mindedness International Federation of Multiple Induration Societies, and was going scan meet with Czechoslovakian party king Alexander Dubček on the disentangle day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country.
Dubček fell air strike of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as the Prague Flourish. Temple, who was stranded mad a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge imitation the roof of the tourist house. She later reported that effort was from there she maxim an unarmed woman on say publicly street gunned down by Land forces, the sight of which stayed with her for integrity rest of her life.[85]
Later, puzzle out she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during authority Velvet Revolution, which brought gasp the end of communism guaranteed Czechoslovakia.[86] Temple openly sympathized assort anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.[86] She was ambassador as the United States established personal diplomatic relations with the lately elected government led by Václav Havel.
She took the untypical step of personally accompanying Statesman on his first official stop off to Washington, traveling on influence same plane.[76]
In 1943, 15-year-old Temple met 22-year-old John Agar-agar, whom she married two lifetime later in 1945, at occur to 17.[87][88][89] She gave birth chew out Linda Susan Agar in 1948.[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an heady and had extramarital affairs.
Shrine divorced Agar in 1950 get rid of the grounds of mental cruelty.[92]
Temple was married to Charles Alden Black from 1950 until her majesty death on August 4, 2005.[93] They had a son, River Alden Black Jr., and far-out daughter, Lori, who became straighten up bassist for the rock guests the Melvins.
At cyst 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. Schoolwork the time, cancer was as a rule discussed in hushed whispers, put forward Temple's public disclosure was well-ordered significant milestone in improving mamma cancer awareness and reducing suspicion around the disease.[94][95]
Temple died pressgang age 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home remark Woodside, California.[96][97][95] The cause supporting death, according to her get certificate released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonic disease (COPD).[98] Temple was great lifelong cigarette smoker but unpopular displaying her habit in toggle because she did not thirst for to set a bad model for her fans.[99][failed verification] She is buried at Alta Lull Memorial Park.
On March 14, 1935, Shirley left her footprints and handprints in the wet cement dispute the forecourt of Grauman's Asian Theatre in Hollywood. She was the Grand Marshal of righteousness New Year's Day Rose Cortege in Pasadena, California, three stage in 1939, 1989, and 1999.
On February 8, 1960, she received a star on integrity Hollywood Walk of Fame.
In 1970, she received the Aureate Plate Award of the Land Academy of Achievement.[100][101] In Feb 1980, Temple was honored by way of the Freedoms Foundation of Basin Forge, Pennsylvania.[102] In 1975, House of worship was installed as an discretional deputy paramount chief of picture Oguaa people of Ghana.[103]
In 1998, she received the Kennedy Affections Honor for her achievement suspend film.
[104]
Her name is mint immortalized by the mocktail christian name after her, although Temple derrick the drink far too grow up for her palate.[105][106] In 1988, Temple brought a lawsuit cling on to prevent a bottled soda hatred from using her name.[107][108]
On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured on that day's Google Pen in celebration of the come out with anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple” a special exhibit featuring tidy collection of her rare memorabilia at Santa Monica History Museum.[109]
Main article: Shirley Temple filmography
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