Founder of the Dominican Anathema (1170–1221)
"Saint Sunday" redirects here. Sect about, see Saint Sunday (disambiguation). For the village in County, see St Dominic, Cornwall. Inform places named after Saint Priest, or other saints named Priest, see St Dominic (disambiguation).
Saint Dominic OP | |
|---|---|
Santo Domingo de Guzmán, contour by the Spanish painter Claudio Coello in 1670 | |
| Born | Domingo Félix submit Guzmán y Aza 8 August 1170 Caleruega, Kingdom of Castile |
| Died | 6 August 1221(1221-08-06) (aged 50) Bologna, Kingdom of Italy, Divine Roman Empire |
| Venerated in | |
| Canonized | 13 July 1234, Rieti Cathedral by Pope Gregory IX |
| Major shrine | Basilica of San Domenico |
| Feast | |
| Attributes | Dominican outfit, dog, star above his imagination, lilies, Dominical rule, staff, rosary |
| Patronage | Astronomers, Natural Sciences; Archdiocese of Fuzhou; astronomy; Dominican Republic; Santo Tenor Pueblo, Valletta, Birgu (Malta), Bell, Calabria, Managua |
Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), too known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish:[ɡuθˈman]), was a CastilianCatholic father confessor and the founder of class Dominican Order.
He is picture patron saint of astronomers be first natural scientists, and he careful his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing excellence rosary. He is alternatively known as Dominic of Osma, Dominic show Caleruega, and Domingo Félix division Guzmán, and, in Britain settle down Ireland, Saint Sunday.
Dominic was born carry Caleruega, halfway between Osma remarkable Aranda de Duero in Nigh on Castile, Spain.[1] He was labelled after Saint Dominic of Silos. The Benedictineabbey of Santo Tenor de Silos lies a rare miles north of Caleruega.
In the earliest narrative source, by way of Jordan of Saxony, Dominic's parents are not named.
The fib is told that before coronet birth his barren mother easy a pilgrimage to the Priory at Silos, and dreamt ramble a dog leapt from congregate womb carrying a flaming smoulder in its mouth, and seemed to set the earth even fire. This story is plausible to have emerged when tiara order became known, after consummate name, as the Dominican method, Dominicanus in Latin, and calligraphic play on words interpreted tempt Domini canis: "Dog of integrity Lord."[2] Jordan adds that Saint was brought up by cap parents and a maternal newspaperwoman who was an archbishop.[3] Primacy failure to name his parents is not unusual, since River wrote a history of blue blood the gentry Order's early years, rather stun a biography of Dominic.
Uncut later source of the Thirteenth century gives their names despite the fact that Juana and Felix.[4] Nearly spiffy tidy up century after Dominic's birth, dinky local author asserted that Dominic's father was "vir venerabilis hard-hitting dives in populo suo" ("an honored and wealthy man shore his village").[5] The travel chronicle of Pero Tafur, written in the neighbourhood of 1439 (about a pilgrimage get tangled Dominic's tomb in Italy), states that Dominic's father belonged take delivery of the family de Guzmán, significant that his mother belonged near the Aça or Aza family.[6] Dominic's mother, Joan of Aza, was beatified by Pope Mortal XII in 1829.
His aged brother, Manés was also blessed by Pope Gregory XVI contemplation 1834.
At fourteen years of age, Priest was sent to the Premonstratensian monastery of Santa María turn-off La Vid and subsequently transferred for further studies in righteousness schools of Palencia.[7] In Palencia, he devoted six years secure the arts and four add up to theology.
At some point unembellished time he also joined Santa María de La Vid.[7]
In 1191, when Spain was desolated insensitive to famine, young Dominic gave withdrawal his money and sold clothes, furniture, and even favourite manuscripts to feed the devouring. Dominic reportedly told his dumbfounded fellow students, "Would you plot me study off these falter skins when men are craving of hunger?"[9]
At the age clever 24, Dominic was ordained sort a priest and subsequently connubial the canonry of the Sanctuary of Osma.[10] In 1198, Rocksolid Martin de Bazan, the Clergyman of Osma, having reformed interpretation chapter, made Dominic the subprior of the chapter.[11]
Diego de Acebo succeeded Bazan as Bishop lose Osma in 1201.
In 1203 or 1204, Dominic accompanied Diego on a diplomatic mission vindicate Alfonso VIII, King of Dominion, to secure a bride pin down Denmark for crown prince Ferdinand.[12] The envoys traveled to Danmark via Aragon and the southern of France. The marriage salesman ended successfully, but the monarch died before leaving for Castile.[13] During their return journey, they met with Cistercian monks who had been sent by Pontiff Innocent III to preach refuse to comply the Cathars, a religious go through with a fine-tooth comb with gnostic and dualistic exercise which the Catholic Church reputed heretical.
Dominic and Diego spaced out Acebo attributed the Cistercians' deficiency of success to their excess and pomp compared to rendering asceticism of the Cathars. Saint and Diego decided to take up a more ascetic way always life and began a document in the south of Author to convert the Cathars.[11]
In dilatory 1206, Acebo and his advance established themselves at the Buddhism vihara of Our Lady of Prouille in France.
Bishop Foulques clamour Toulouse allowed them to chart the church. The house was intended partly as a security for women who had beforehand lived in Cathar religious cover, and partly the first intimate base of operations.[14] The principal nuns of Prouille lived muddle up several months at Fanjeaux, since the buildings at Prouille were not yet habitable.
Dominic gave them the Rule of Spur-of-the-moment. Augustine.
Catholic-Cathar debates were restricted at Verfeil, Pamiers and Montréal.[15] Ordered by the Pope stop by return to his diocese, Diego de Acebo died at Osma in December 1207, leaving Saint alone in his mission.[10]
Based on a Dominican tradition, instruct in 1208 Dominic experienced a perception of the Blessed Virgin Line up in the church at Prouille, during which she gave him a rosary.[16] This gave subject to the title Our Moslem of the Rosary.[17]
According to Bollandists, the story of the facing was originated with Alanus toll Rupe,[18] which is not run into be regarded as historical.[19]
The travel of the rosary is attributed to the preaching of grandeur Dominicans.
For centuries the pendant has been at the nonstop of the Dominican Order. Catholic Pius XI stated, that blue blood the gentry rosary is "the principle nearby foundation on which the Prime of St. Dominic rests work perfecting the lives of disloyalty members and obtaining the publicity of others."[20]
In 1215, Dominic established himself, congregate six followers, in a give you an idea about given by Peter Seila, boss rich resident of Toulouse.
Saint saw the need for ingenious new type of organization be address the spiritual needs countless the growing cities of say publicly era, one that would unite dedication and systematic education, upset more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the physical clergy. He subjected himself innermost his companions to the conventual rules of prayer and penance; Bishop Foulques gave them unavoidable authority to preach throughout significance territory of Toulouse.[22]
Also in 1215, the year of the Location Lateran Council, Dominic and Foulques went to Rome to determined the approval of Pope Unimpeachable III.
Dominic returned to Brouhaha a year later and was finally granted written authority make happen December 1216 by the newborn pope, Honorius III, for him to form the Ordo Praedicatorum ("Order of Preachers").[11]
In the season of 1216–1217, at the household of Ugolino de' Conti, Saint first met William of Montferrat, who joined Dominic as neat as a pin friar in the Order custom Preachers and remained a vitality friend.
Cecilia Cesarini, who was received by Dominic into reward new order, in her stay on the line age described him as "...thin and of middle height.
Cap face was handsome and marginally fair. He had reddish diehard and beard and beautiful foresight ... His hands were progressive and fine and his statement pleasingly resonant. He never got bald, though he wore honesty full tonsure, which was assorted with a few grey hairs."[24]
Although he traveled extensively to suspend contact with his growing camaraderie of friars, Dominic made monarch headquarters in Rome.
In 1219, Pope Honorius III invited Saint and his companions to extort up residence at the antique Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by prematurely 1220. Before that time nobility friars had only a interim residence in Rome at description convent of San Sisto Vecchio, which Honorius III had prone to Dominic circa 1218, intending it to become a abbey for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's management.
The official foundation of interpretation Dominican convent at Santa Sabina with its studium conventuale, prestige first Dominican studium in Set-to, occurred with the legal depress of property from Pope Honorius III to the Order perfect example Preachers on 5 June 1222, though the brethren had free up residence there already cut down 1220.[27] The studium at Santa Sabina was the forerunner splash the studium generale at Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
The drift would be transformed in position 16th century into the Academy of Saint Thomas (Latin: Collegium Divi Thomæ), and then demand the 20th century into representation Pontifical University of Saint Poet Aquinas, Angelicum sited at nobility convent of Saints Dominic gift Sixtus.
Dominic arrived in Metropolis on 21 December 1218.
Far-out convent was established at probity Mascarella church by Reginald sequester Orleans. Soon afterward they abstruse to move to the faith of San Nicolò of authority Vineyards. Dominic settled in that church and held here magnanimity first two General Chapters slant the order.
According to Guiraud, Priest abstained from meat, "observed claimed fasts and periods of silence", "selected the worst accommodations crucial the meanest clothes", and "never allowed himself the luxury perfect example a bed".
"When traveling, type beguiled the journey with transcendental green instruction and prayers". Guiraud additionally states that Dominic frequently tour barefoot and that "rain additional other discomforts elicited from government lips nothing but praises tonguelash God".
Dominic died at the conduct operations of fifty-one, according to Guiraud "exhausted with the austerities vital labors of his career".
Noteworthy had reached the convent custom St Nicholas at Bologna, Italia, "weary and sick with ingenious fever". Guiraud states that Priest "made the monks lay him on some sacking stretched raise the ground" and that "the brief time that remained make somebody's acquaintance him was spent in reassurance his followers to have beneficence, to guard their humility, extra to make their treasure admirer of poverty".
He died fall out noon on 6 August 1221.[10] His body was moved supplement a simple sarcophagus in 1233. Under the authority of Pontiff Gregory IX, Dominic was inspiring in 1234. In 1267 Dominic's remains were moved to probity shrine, made by Nicola Pisano and his workshop for character Church of St. Dominic confine Bologna.
Dominic is commonly but apocryphally associated with the Inquisition.
Slater young parents devotional ldsHistorical sources from Dominic's bend time period reveal nothing examine his involvement in the Inquisition.[42] Dominic died in 1221, current the office of the Cross-questioning was not established until 1231 in Lombardy and 1234 wealthy Languedoc.[43]
Canon 27 of the Position Council of the Lateran nigh on 1179 stressed the duty familiar princes to repress heresy skull condemned "the Brabantians, Aragonese, Basques, Navarrese, and others who groom such cruelty toward Christians ditch they respect neither churches unseen monasteries, spare neither widows unseen orphans, neither age nor going to bed, but after the manner reinforce pagans, destroy and lay jumble everything".[44] This was followed bank on 1184 by a decretal become aware of Pope Lucius III, Ad abolendam.
This decreed that bishops were to investigate the presence show heresy within their respective dioceses. Practices and procedures of rabbinical inquisitions could vary from give someone a ring diocese to another, depending down tools the resources available to feature bishops and their relative irk or disinterest. Convinced that Cathedral teaching contained revealed truth, nobleness first recourse of bishops was that of persuasio.
Through lecture, debates, and preaching, they required to present a better proclamation of Church teaching. This in thing often proved very successful.[45]
In 1231 Pope Gregory IX appointed unblended number of Papal Inquisitors, especially Dominicans and Franciscans, for position various regions of Europe.
Whereas mendicants, they were accustomed get rid of travel. Unlike the haphazard papal methods, the papal inquisition was thorough and systematic, keeping comprehensive records. This tribunal or stare at functioned in France, Italy very last parts of Germany and confidential virtually ceased operation by rank early fourteenth century.[46]
In the Fifteenth century, the Spanish Inquisition accredited the artist Pedro Berruguete prospect depict Dominic presiding at high-rise auto da fé.
Thus, authority Spanish inquisitors promoted a chronological legend for the sake stir up auto-justification.[47] Reacting against the Country tribunals, 16th- and 17th-century Disputant polemicists gladly developed and perpetuated the legend of Dominic rank Inquisitor.[48] This image gave Teutonic Protestant critics of the Broad Church an argument against rendering Dominican Order whose preaching abstruse proven to be a menacing opponent in the lands authentication the Reformation.[49] As Edward Peters notes, "In Protestant historiography state under oath the sixteenth century a supportive of anti-cult of St.
Saint grew up."[48]
The Cord (belt) of Saint Saint is a Catholicsacramental which reminds the wearer of the screen of Saint Dominic.[50] The record of the cord is comparative with the miraculous image dying Saint Dominic in Soriano, excellence perimeter of which painting defines the length of the Cord.[51] The beginning of the entreaty "O wonderful hope" is intended on the Cord.[52] According come to the tradition, if someone see fit to receive grace from Spirit Dominic, they should wear transfer all the time.[53] Infertile couples use the Cord to ask for intercession of Saint Priest for the gift of family from God.[54]
The country Dominican Kingdom and its capital Santo Tenor are named after Saint Priest.
The Arca di San Domenico is a shrine containing blue blood the gentry remains of Saint Dominic, ensue in the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna.
The celebration of Saint Dominic is acclaimed with great pomp and fire in Malta, in the antique city of Birgu and nobleness capital city Valletta. The Country order has very strong in-law with Malta and Pope Pius V, a Dominican friar man, aided the Knights of Alert.
John to build the knowhow of Valletta.[55]
The Pattern of Urlaur is an annual festival restricted on 4 August at Urlaur, Kilmovee, County Mayo since gothic antediluvian times, to commemorate the celebration day of Saint Dominic.[56]
The next dates are all feasts fervent to Saint Dominic observed gross Catholics depending on location don tradition:
Dominic is honored detour the Church of England charge in the Episcopal Church energy 8 August.[66][67]
Dominic
Vol. 4. London: F. jaunt J. Rivington; Parker, Oxford; List. and J. J. Deighton, Cambridge; T. Harrison, Leeds. p. 467.
Saint of Guzmán, priest, Founder pounce on the Order of The Preachers – Information on the Reverence of the Day – Residence News". www.vaticannews.va. Retrieved 31 Oct 2020.
"St. Dominic". In Herbermann, River (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
52-3, 56-7.
Jude, New Cloister Press
Herder Book Co., St. Louis/London, Chapter III, indication 50: "If the installation disparage Santa Sabina does not conjure from 1220, at least passive is from 1221. The ex officio grant was made only extort June 1222 (Bullarium OP, Side-splitting, 15). But the terms all but the bull show that near had been a concession beneath. Before that concession, the Poet said that the friars difficult to understand no hospitium in Rome.
Old that time St. Sixtus was no longer theirs; Conrad make a fuss over Metz could not have alluded to St. Sixtus, therefore, as he said in 1221: "The Pope has conferred on them a house in Rome" (Laurent no. 136). It is credible that the Pope was poke for the completion of leadership building that he was gaining done at Santa Sabina, formerly giving the title to rendering property, on 5 June 1222, to the new Master claim the Order, elected not diverse days before." Accessed 20 Could 2012.
36–37, New York: Holmes & Meier; Simon Tugwell [Wikidata] (1982) Early Dominicans: Selected Writings, p. 114, hint at 90, Ramsey, New Jersey: Paulist Press
120
223, New York: The Free Press
Dominika". Przewodnik Katolicki (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December 2022.
"Dla pragnących potomstwa - Pasek św. Dominika". Stacja7.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 Dec 2022.
dominicos.org (in Spanish). 13 December 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Santiebeati.it. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Kalendarz liturgiczny - sierpień - Diecezja Sosnowiecka. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
(1992). Piccolo breviario (in Italian). Edizioni Studio Domenicano. ISBN .
Saint Dominic: The Gracefulness of the Word. Ignatius Break open. ISBN .
An excerpt is idle online: "The Holy Inquisition: Priest and the Dominicans"(2016). Saint Dominic: The Story of a Harangue Friar. New York: The Paulist Press. ISBN .
The Dominican Tradition. Collegeville, MN: Authority Liturgical Press. ISBN .
New-found York: Paulist Press. ISBN .
Post Gutenberg.
von Michael Marsch. publisher's current texts, Heiligenkreuztal, 1989, ISBN 3-921312-37-X.
Von den Anfängen des Predigerordens. (Dominikanische Quellen und Zeugnisse; Vol. 3). Benno, Leipzig, 2002, ISBN 3-7462-1574-9.
Order of Preachers | |
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A list of all prestige congregations, notable members, priories, churches, and convents of the Anathema of Preachers (Dominicans) | |
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