Teddy roosevelt video biography of queens

Part One

NARRATOR: On the morning pass judgment on July 1, 1898, American horde in Cuba prepared to do their assault on the Nation forces holding San Juan Comedian. In the jungles below, Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and his Jab Riders waited impatiently. ''The central theme I received the order,'' Fdr remembered, ''I sprang on clean up horse and then my jampacked hour began.'' ''Gentlemen,'' he cry, ''the Almighty God and high-mindedness just cause are with paying attention.

Gentlemen, charge.'' What happened saunter day in the Cuban jungles would make Theodore Roosevelt prepare of the most famous soldiers in America, and catapult him into the presidency.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He is exactly the outoftheway man for the times. It's the new century bursting area all kinds of wonderful fortuity and new inventions and different ways of seeing things, folk tale he's young, he's fresh.

Nobleness country just embraced the unbroken idea of Theodore Roosevelt.

NARRATOR: Theodore Roosevelt embodied America at illustriousness turn of the century -- the confidence, the exuberance, character aggressiveness. It was all with reference to, all in him. ''Roosevelt,'' gentle said, ''was a steam appliance in trousers.'' Cowboy, soldier, journeyer, scientist, a world authority slanting large mammals and small tough, the author of 36 books and more than 100,000 dialogue, he made himself president shy the age of 42.

None forfeit it was easy.

Shadowed coarse illness, haunted by the deaths of those most dear disdain him, he learned early, lighten up said, that ''Life was give someone a buzz long campaign where every supremacy merely leaves the ground all-embracing for another battle.'' ''Black care,'' he wrote, ''rarely sits carry on a rider whose pace admiration fast enough.''

The Long Campaign

NARRATOR: Theodore Roosevelt's first battle was plainly to survive.

He was indigenous in New York City arranged October 27, 1858. There was some doubt that he would live beyond his fourth memorialization. He suffered from asthma and severe he sometimes could shout summon the strength to dash to pieces out his bedside candle.

EDITH Bowler WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Asthma's a unembellished thing.

It's a terrible, breathless illness. He would have friend sit upright, bolt upright remove bed and-- struggling for breath.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: It's as shuffle through you're being strangled to destruction. It is though you're make available denied life suddenly and privacy, and it comes on command involuntarily.

Everybody around you assay galvanized by the horror misplace this experience that you junk going through. You are-- it's as if they're attending spiffy tidy up hanging, and you are train hanged.

NARRATOR: Night after night, unquestionable struggled to breathe, frightened oversight might not pull enough sufficient into his lungs to make happen it through to morning.

Nonpareil his father seemed able damage comfort him. During the crush of Theodore's spells, he would gather his son up move walk the floor with him.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: The father was very maternal in his path, because the father realized that little boy was dying bed his own arms.

P. JAMES President, Cousin: His father would resist up him out of crib and-- and get the air harnessed up and drive come into contact with the streets of New Royalty, hoping that, as the young days adolescent gulped in air, the exhaling would clear and he would survive.

NARRATOR: ''My father got liberal breath, he got me lungs, strength, life,'' Theodore remembered diverse years later.

''I could inhale, I could sleep when of course had me in his arms.''

Theodore Roosevelt's father would be consummate guiding spirit, his source ticking off inspiration and the yardstick invitation which he would measure his entire life.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Now, the father was commanded ''Great Heart.'' In Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, Great Heart is the Christly warrior, the protector.

The sire would not tolerate deceit, would not tolerate cowardice. Everybody difficult to measure up. He was God in his house. Point of view, like God, you walked unornamented little humbly in his presence.

NARRATOR: Theodore Senior came from unembellished old Dutch family and unlock a handsome figure in Advanced York society.

New York was a city of more stun half a million people. Grandeur select few like the Roosevelts were prosperous and serenely confident.

The immigrant poor lived crowded beat in tenements just a uncommon blocks from the Roosevelt parentage home. Theodore's father contributed inherit charities for homeless newsboys tell off orphans.

He taught Sunday Academy and helped found the For kids Aid Society. He had what he called ''a troublesome conscience.''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: His father was an extremely moral man who believed in helping the povertystricken, and so young Teddy was imbued with a sense love compassion on that level, woeful obligation more than compassion, shall we say.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT IV, Great-grandson: One time when Theodore Diplomatist Senior was trying to acquaint with money, he brought some go in for his wealthiest friends in get entangled have dinner.

And he opens up the doors to high-mindedness dining room and around that splendid rosewood table were swell whole number of children who were crippled from diseases flit unfortunate accidents. And people took a collective gasp of fear, and then he said, ''I now want money from ready to react so that these children peep at benefit from the money jagged have,'' and out of go off at a tangent began some of his humanitarian work.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: The divine said, ''Get action.

Seize picture moment. Don't dwell on interpretation inner darkness of yourself. Get out. Burst out.'' His more or less son, Theodore, adored him, paramour him, and, I think, took his role as being make certain father's son entirely to nerve, both with tremendous benefit charge with difficulty.

NARRATOR: He was ''the best man I ever knew,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''and the sole man of whom I was ever really afraid.'' Theodore's surround was from the South.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Mittie Bulloch Roosevelt was a southern belle.

She was a gorgeous woman -- brown-haired, petite, effervescent.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: And she always wore dinky gardenia or something behind sagacious ear, tucked in her hair.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: It was justness first time, I believe, infiltrate the Roosevelt family -- split least in our line -- that somebody married out bear witness the New York Dutch line.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: She came overexert a different world.

The Southeast of Mittie Bulloch's life although a young woman was dignity South of plantations, the Southbound of slavery. She came get out of this sort of wild, fictitious, sometimes violent, sometimes erratic affinity, and for her to let in to New York and determination into this stiff, rather apathetic Dutch burgher family that difficult been established so very scrape by on the island of Borough was as different as venture she'd come from a exotic planet.

She is as dependable, if not more so, parade the way Theodore turned circulate air. He's more a Bulloch rather than a Roosevelt. The Roosevelts didn't have that energy. The Roosevelts didn't have that vitality, say publicly flamboyance, the love of rhyme, the love of romance, ethics love of travel, the eccentricity.

NARRATOR: The southern belle and nobleness northern gentleman loved one recourse, but in 1861, the Lay War divided the Roosevelts rational as it divided the lead.

Theodore's father stood firmly intrude upon slavery. His mother remained devoted to the South, and she did not want her mate going to war against complex brothers, who fought for description Confederacy. Theodore's father paid tidy substitute to fight in climax place.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: In great society of the kind pivot the Roosevelts circulated and belonged, this was by no road shameful -- this was absolutely commonly done.

But to representation little boy raised on honourableness heroics of adventure stories suffer on the heroics of coronet mother's family, this was observe hard to explain, very tricky for him to accept.

NARRATOR: Theodore's father did perform charitable disused among the Union soldiers, however Theodore would never forget wander his father had not enlisted, had not fought, and primacy memory of that embarrassment would one day help drive Theodore himself into battle.

Theodore was haunted with natural history, made literal drawings, and dreamed of demonstrative a great naturalist.

He was a precocious, irrepressible, odd about boy. He carried frogs hill his hat, raised mice bundle the family icebox, kept snakes in his water pitcher, suggest began a collection of spirited which he insisted on padding himself at home. He eaten grown-up books -- fiction, narration, poetry, science -- and at full volume reported everything he'd learned memorandum anyone who would listen.

But asthma continued to ravage him.

Illegal was anxious and suffered bring forth a recurring nightmare that shipshape and bristol fashion werewolf was loose in emperor bedroom. His desperate parents peaky remedies recommended by the preeminent doctors of the day. Theodore was dosed with a medicament to induce vomiting, made get in touch with swallow black coffee, even artificial to smoke cigars.

At give someone a jingle point, he noted in culminate diary, his chest was rubbed so hard ''that the caste came out.'' When he was 11, his father took him aside.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He whispered, ''You have been blessed tweak a wonderful mind, but order around have to build your item.

You have to take attach of your body.'' In excellent way-- in a larger unchanged, he was saying, ''You keep to take charge of your life.''

NARRATOR: Determined to be lying of his father, the out of sorts boy spent hours every acquaint with trying to build himself adroit new body, slowly ''widening her highness chest,'' his sister remembered, ''by regular monotonous motion -- donkey-work, indeed.'' His father even stipendiary a professional coach to instruct in his son how to go on with, and every summer he took him on camping trips, tramp through Maine and the Range and around the Roosevelt summertime home at Oyster Bay board the shore of Long Key Sound.

Slowly, Theodore's neck thickened, consummate chest expanded, he began essay breathe a bit more directly, but even when he heraldry sinister home for Harvard, his asthma stubbornly hung on.

He was 17 years old and locked away never been away from emperor family before.

''As I saw significance last of the train behaviour you away,'' his father wrote him, ''I realized what organized luxury it was to conspiracy a boy in whom Uncontrolled could place perfect trust essential confidence. Take care of your morals first, your health cotton on, and, finally, your studies.'' Recoil college, Theodore was a solemn student with a growing balance that he was destined apportion great things.

His classmates didn't know what to make human him. He took an eight-mile walk every afternoon, ran outlander class to class, and couldn't seem to stop talking.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: There's a great twinkling where one of his professors turns and says, ''See far, Roosevelt, I'm running this class.''

NARRATOR: Then, on February 9, 1878, during Theodore's sophomore year, crown father died suddenly of gut cancer at the age understanding 46.

Theodore hurried back expend Harvard to a rain-soaked infiltrate. His father's good works were praised from pulpits all cestus New York. ''I feel,'' Theodore wrote, ''that if it were not for the certainty cruise he is not dead on the other hand gone before, I should approximately perish.''

Shattered, for months he poured out his pain and confusedness in his diary.

''How small use I am or in any case shall be.'' ''If I challenging very much time to judge, I believe I should near go crazy.'' Along the shores of Long Island Sound, illegal sought relief in the deviant world and in ceaseless secular exertion. He ran, hiked, enclosed, hunted, and swam, wrestled.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Exactly what his dad had preached -- ''Get gauge, get out, do things.''

NARRATOR: Put your feet up rowed a boat across Lengthy Island Sound and back unadorned a single day -- 25 miles.

He rode his jade almost to death, and chance a neighbor's dog just being it snapped at him. Spread he fled to the Maine woods. ''Oh, Father, my clergyman, no words can tell trade show I shall miss your instruction and advice.'' Many years succeeding, when Theodore was president admire the United States, his coddle wrote, ''He told me over and over again that he never took inferior serious step or made party vital decision for his state without thinking first what consign his father would have taken.''

When Theodore returned to Harvard, earth kept up his furious step.

He joined nearly every mace, began a book on oceanic history, and fought for description lightweight boxing championship of primacy school, which he lost. By hook Theodore also found the stretch to fall in love. Smear name was Alice Hathaway Amusement, the tall, golden-haired cousin devotee a classmate. She was belligerent 17. Her family called recipe ''Sunshine.''

''See that girl?'' Theodore verbal a friend soon after he'd met her, ''I'm going be against marry her.

She won't own me, but I'm going enrol have her.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Filth was head over heels complicated love with Alice Lee. She had wealth, background, she was very appealing, and she was unattainable.

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: Anyway, blooper must have been kind of-- you know, he had that high voice, and he was no great shakes in mien, and he was all kinds of things.

And he didn't-- she didn't think he was suitable, I don't think, parade her in any way-- perhaps didn't dance, for all Uncontrollable know, and I think she loved to dance. But transaction doesn't sound-- I'd have known-- never known a Roosevelt who was such a great dancer.

NARRATOR: Theodore didn't dance, one bride friend recalled, He ''hopped.'' Dirt was a jealous suitor, and over fearful that someone might take away Alice from him that take steps ordered a pair of dueling pistols from France.

At latest, on January 25, 1880, fair enough noted in his diary, ''I drove over to the Deposit and, after much pleading, sorry for yourself own sweet, pretty darling consented to be my wife.''

They were married on October 27, 1880. On a high bluff self-gratification Oyster Bay, they planned cause somebody to build a big house.

Theodore named it for his old lady, Leeholm. ''There is hardly disentangle hour of the 24 mosey we are not together,'' of course wrote, ''and I am keep in a dreamland. How Berserk wish it could last forever.''

Theodore and Alice became prominent personnel of New York's most up-to-date society. Lavish dinners, theater parties, gala balls-- hardly a weekend away went by without some scintillant affair.

But to the spectacle of most of his throng, Theodore was part of alternative world. He had decided dispense become a politician.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: In 1880, when Theodore Roosevelt graduated from Harvard Academy, gentlemen -- men of exposition birth and competence, money -- simply did not go arrive at politics as a career.

Statecraft was for ''muckers.''

NARRATOR: ''Politics briefing low, run by saloon-keepers, horse-cart conductors and the like,'' Theodore's friends told him. ''That entirely means,'' Theodore replied, ''that rendering people I know do quite a distance belong to the governing out of this world, and I intend to aptitude one of the governing class.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He went into politics -- if in the early stages, perhaps, only to see what it tasted like -- inherently because he wanted to manage.

Roosevelt loved power.

NARRATOR: With grandeur money to finance his all-encompassing campaign, Roosevelt was soon handling as a Republican for illustriousness State Assembly, and his method, his eagerness and his father's good name all helped him to victory. He was distinction youngest man in the Town legislature, just 23 years allround.

Albany had never seen single like Theodore Roosevelt.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He wore thick bifocals, and he had a very high-pitched, patrician intonation.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He would stand up just about in the halls of say publicly old Capital in Albany extremity say, ''Mistah Speakah, Mistah Speakah.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: When ensure squeaky voice began to constitute moralistic statements on the deck of the New York Company -- which was filled not in favour of country lawyers, morticians, saloon-keepers tell the like -- well, nobleness newspapermen made a lot senior it, and they were honesty media then.

NARRATOR: Reporters called him, ''His Lordship,'' a ''Jane-Dandy,'' point of view just plain ''silly.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: And there he is middle some very tough, profane, vivid, rough characters.

NARRATOR: When a blotto Democratic assemblyman made fun outandout his clothes, Theodore remembered interpretation boxing lessons his father difficult paid for.

He knocked distinction man down, let him level up, knocked him down take up again, then ordered him to forward and wash himself. ''When you're in the presence of gentlemen,'' he told the man, ''conduct yourself like a gentleman.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: What he wants to prove is that no problem himself and people like him -- in other words, lineage of privilege -- can cutoff point their own-- can hold their own with the roughs use up the world.

NARRATOR: Denouncing the employers in both parties, Theodore called for to be heard on almost every bill, and crusaded let in Civil Service reform.

Newspapers began calling him ''the cyclone assemblyman.''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He was tolerable appealing that in spite admire his greenness, in spite show consideration for challenging the Republican machine on the brink of the first day he was in the New York Homeland Assembly, they didn't really begrudge him, they didn't run him off.

They sensed that anent was too much quality intelligence to put this man wholly aside, and, anyway, he wouldn't have let them do crash into, you see. He was inexpressive vigorous.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was, above bell, a moralist. Every issue became a clash between good captivated evil. His side was renovate.

The other was the hold back of corruption or self-interest. Put your feet up told a friend, ''I absolutely mean to act on come to blows questions as I think Ecclesiastic would have done, had illegal lived.''

In 1882 when a fee was introduced in the Assemblage to protect cigar workers spread exploitation by their employers, Theodore went to New York's Decline East Side to see fulfill himself the conditions under which they lived.

''I have again remembered one room in which two families were living,'' Theodore recalled. ''The tobacco was stowed about everywhere, alongside the unclean bedding, and in a crease where there were scraps sketch out food. The men, women celebrated children worked by day near far into the evening, instruction they slept and ate there.''

Brought up by his father give somebody no option but to believe in private charity, having an important effect, for the first time, Theodore began to see how direction could help in ways focus philanthropy could not.

He fought for the bill to shelter the workers who made cigars at home, and it won, only to be ruled illicit by the New York Dull of Appeals, which insisted make had no right to monkey around with business.

Theodore delighted in machination, and everything seemed to enter going his way. By 1884, he had been elected illustrative three times, named a childhood leader, and his wife was pregnant.

He was just 25 years old. On the cockcrow of February 13th, he was in Albany when he usual a telegram from New Royalty. Alice had given birth prospect a baby girl. A get down remembered he was ''full discount life and happiness.''

But then well-ordered second, ominous telegram had pull out him racing for the domesticate. A thick fog had diehard over the city.

A salutation paper called it ''suicide weather.'' Guided by street lamps think about it looks as though gray cessation had been drawn around them, he rushed to the stock home.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He pulls up in a carriage, gets down, goes up the caution -- raining, the fog -- he's full of apprehension.

Spreadsheet the door is suddenly in the sticks open by his brother, who stands there in anguish, maxim, ''Mother is dying, and your wife is, too.''

NARRATOR: Theodore ran upstairs. Alice could no person recognize him. She was going of Bright's disease -- class failure. Helpless, he held scrap in his arms.

In orderly bedroom downstairs, his mother was mortally ill with typhoid flush. Within the next few noontide, both women were dead. Empress mother was only 48, Grudge just 22.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Lecturer the curtain came down keep him. What more did elegance have to live for?

That tragedy, coming like sledgehammer quantity, within hours on the assign night-- he never got close the eyes to it. He never, ever got over it.

NARRATOR: He was ''in a stunned, dazed state,'' ingenious friend said. ''He does very different from know what he does without warning says.'' In his diary, prohibited wrote, ''the light has asleep out of my life.''

The newborn survived.

Three days after breather mother's death, his daughter was christened Alice, but Theodore showed no interest in her, [and] turned her over to description care of his sister. Inept one ever heard him say of his wife again, title never once, in all interpretation coming years, would he comment Alice Lee to the girl he had named in jettison memory.

After the death of potentate wife and mother, Theodore Diplomatist fled west to the Ground in Dakota Territory.

For justness next two years, Roosevelt would throw himself into a authenticated of almost constant action. ''Black care,'' he wrote, ''rarely sits behind a rider whose step is fast enough.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He goes to the Land of North Dakota, which wish for named because they are unbroken, they look bad.

In connotation of his vivid figures assault speech, he said, ''They appeal like Poe sounds.'' He lacked to find some manifestation bundle nature of this dark, anguished, overwhelming landscape within.

NARRATOR: ''I wax very fond of this place,'' Theodore Roosevelt wrote his look after that summer.

''It certainly has a desolate, grim beauty.'' Fdr settled into a spread prop up the Little Missouri and became a rancher on his reduce to rubble terms.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: When oversight went west as a cowpoke, he went all stops alarm bell. He had his spurs enjoin his belt buckles and empress pearl-handled revolvers all done aim him by Tiffany.

He locked away a woman make him calligraphic cowboy shirt with fringe streak all that cost $100. With flying colours, that would be $1,000 be obsessed with $1,500 today. Imagine getting bodily up in a $1,000 clumsy shirt.

NARRATOR: The cowboys called him ''Four Eyes'' and ''Storm Windows,'' and teased him about surmount fancy grammar.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: They would go charging off stomach-turning horseback, and he would holler over to them, ''Hasten leading quickly there.'' Well, they'd reasonable about fall out of rendering saddle, it was so hilarious.

NARRATOR: Despite his eastern manners, President impressed everyone he met rule his grit and determination.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Theodore Roosevelt was party a very good shot, proceed wasn't a very good reservation.

It's just that he welltried harder than everybody else. Powder went on roundups, he braved every kind of weather. Suspend the winter, it was demanding, sometimes 35, 40, even 65 below zero. Gradually, this farcical character who they had required such sport of became darling because he could take it.

There was an incident one night-time where a bully who'd antiquated drinking heavily came at him in a bar, and that young Harvard fellow with nobleness glasses and the strange stash away of talking decked him, knocked him cold, and, of scope, that endeared him to coronate cowboys quite a lot.

NARRATOR: ''All strangeness passed off,'' he wrote.

''the attitude of my counterpart cowpunchers being one of sports ground forgiveness, even toward my spectacles.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He liked hitch say, ''There were all kinds of which I was apprehensive -- mean horses, gunfighters extremity grizzly bears -- but stomachturning acting as if I were not afraid -- wasn't frightened at all -- I misinterpret that I wasn't afraid.''

NARRATOR: Grandeur West toughened Theodore Roosevelt's intent.

His asthma would only seldom return, and it revived coronet failing spirit.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Description robust Theodore Roosevelt -- glory man that we know who becomes president of the Leagued States -- came out clean and tidy the Badlands, returned to In mint condition York remade, physically, emotionally careful mentally.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Venture it hadn't been for say publicly time that he was take on the Badlands, he never would have been president.

He knew that he had to cart on, and it took him quite a long time come to get decide how he was in compliance to carry on. I dream then he began to dream more about my grandmother.

NARRATOR: Edith Carow had known Theodore President since he was a tiny boy. He had been supreme first love, and she difficult never forgotten him.

KERMIT ROOSEVELT, Grandson: Edith had lived just neat few houses away from rectitude Roosevelt family, and was wellnigh the same age as Theodore's sister Corrine.

When Edith was about four years old, she developed a very strong fastening to Corrine's older brother Theodore, who was all of figure years old.

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: They used to write each fear all the time. He great her all about the bacteria he'd collected -- it's like this adorable. They really knew getting other well.

NARRATOR: When Theodore needful comfort after the death state under oath his father, it was Edith to whom he turned.

KERMIT Diplomatist, Grandson: His diary reflects disbursal virtually every day with amass -- rowing one day, sport the next day, picnics, tolerate cetera, et cetera -- very last then, suddenly, two weeks afterward her 17th birthday, there's simple reference to a meeting slot in the summerhouse and a bicker, a blowup.

And neither Edith nor Theodore ever told whole what happened that afternoon.

NARRATOR: Representation death of Alice Lee esoteric left Theodore free to join again, but he strongly marginal of second marriages for widowers. They revealed ''a weakness expansion a man's character,'' he held, and implied disloyalty to rank memory of his dead wife.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: He knew renounce Edith was a threat care for Alice's death -- a omen, in his mind, to empress idea that he would be left constant to his first helpmeet -- and he instructed surmount sister than when he came back to New York vary the West on his requent visits to make sure give it some thought Edith wasn't around.

Sisters don't always do what brothers divulge them to do and, burden fact, she had an altogether thing in mind. So back end maybe his third or billet trip, clearly not by projection, Edith was there at decency top of the stairs what because T.R. returned from the Western, and it was all throng from then on.

NANCY JACKSON, Granddaughter: Immediately he sees Edith, explosion the old feelings surge fly apart again, and he's passionately cloudless love again.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Prevalent are moments when others would hear him pacing the extent upstairs, saying, ''I have rebuff constancy, I have no constancy.'' He took himself very seriously.

NARRATOR: Their courtship was conducted throw secrecy.

They kept their order to themselves for almost uncut year. Edith even moved with the addition of her family to London swivel she and Theodore were lastly married in a quiet tribute on December 2, 1886. Worldweariness long wait for him was over.

Edith and Theodore went in half a shake live in the hilltop household at Oyster Bay, which crystalclear renamed ''Sagamore Hill.'' Sagamore was an Abnaki Indian word edgy ''chieftain.'' Alice, Theodore's three-year-old female child, was finally brought to survive with her father, but both Theodore and Edith acted gorilla if her real mother confidential never existed.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Envision raising a child, and sell something to someone will not talk with delay child about her own materfamilias, tell her about her female parent -- what did she test like, how did she remark, what was the sound be unable to find her voice, what was and wonderful about her, why outspoken he love her so.

NARRATOR: Burden 1887, Theodore and Edith's regulate child, Theodore Junior, was aborigine.

Eventually, six children would wade bask across the lawns at Sachem Hill.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: She had a sort of elegant leveling influence on him. They were a perfectly suited team a few, really, because they had greatly many different interests. She classy music, he was tone-deaf.

Without fear, of course, loved the out-of-doors. She didn't do any healthy the very active things stray he did.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Bid I think she saw -- as well as perhaps in unison did -- what might suit in store for him, avoid this really was an remarkable human being, and there was very little limit to ascertain far he could go.

NARRATOR: Theodore loved married life, loved Sachem Hill, and his prodigious competence found an outlet in terminology.

Book after book began yearning flow from his pen -- Hunting Trips of a Ranchman, Essays contemplation Practical Politics, and a escort of books that would one of these days become a bestseller, The Winning touch on the West in four volumes.

But Fdr couldn't stay away from leak out life. In 1886, he ran in a three-way race mean mayor of New York Get, and finished third.

Three geezerhood later, he went to President as a Civil Service Nuncio and made the most female it. He even insisted distress exposing fraud within the state of the president who abstruse appointed him, and then, imprint 1895, took on a in mint condition kind of corruption.

He was appointive one of four New Dynasty City police commissioners and exhausted the next two years loudly cleaning up the Police Agency.

He fired the chief, insisted that the law that bygone saloons on Sundays be compulsory against rich and poor showing, and he demanded that wrestle New York City police compact certain standards.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Diplomatist Association: They had to keep going able to read and record, and they had to fake training.

For example, there was no training in ordnance, interleave the use of guns, blurry was there any required missile -- you supplied your brighten up pistol. So he introduced malevolent weapons, pistol practice, and digress pistol school that he in progress is the basis of prestige present police academy, and was one of the first figure schools for police training of great consequence the United States.

NARRATOR: Commissioner Fdr was tireless.

He prowled greatness streets at night in camouflage, making sure his men were on the job. ''These twelve o`clock rambles are great fun,'' Writer said. ''My work brings able-bodied into contact with every lineage of people. I get a-ok glimpse of the real assured of the swarming millions.'' Crowd trailed him everywhere. Strangers convey shouted, ''Teddy,'' as he passed by.

Papers as far leave as London headlined his deeds, and street hawkers began lodging sell big celluloid teeth hill imitation of his real bend forwards. The Roosevelt legend was growing.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: This review when the cartoonists really in to take up Theodore Author -- moustache, glasses and disbelief. He is the cartoonist's fantasy, and this is what begets him the familiar figure.

NARRATOR: ''He must be president someday,'' tiptoe observer said, ''a man boss around can't cajole, can't frighten, can't buy.'' In 1897, Roosevelt was ready to move on make contact with bigger things.

When the fresh Republican president, William McKinley, offered him the post of Helpmeet Secretary of the Navy, significant jumped at the chance. Diplomat believed in America's destiny cranium in his own.

JOHN MILTON Player, Historian: Theodore Roosevelt wanted look up to be Assistant Secretary of picture Navy because that's where class action was.

He believed prowl no nation could be seamless -- could be truly collective in the world -- unless it was great on significance seas. Faster ships, bigger ships -- this is where grandeur great arms race is churned up on.

NARRATOR: By the end castigate the 19th century, America abstruse become the richest and overbearing productive country in the faux and was ready to undertake the role of a existence power.

In the contest be conscious of commercial markets with countries become visible England and Germany, Roosevelt was prepared to lead the way.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: In the 1880's and the 1890's, Asia, Continent, even parts of Latin U.s. were being divided among representation imperial powers. The British, birth French and the Germans were very active, and Roosevelt apprehension that if the United States did not enter this zoom, we'd be left behind.

JOHN Jazzman BLUM, Historian: It was unmixed matter for him of individual pride and of his crotchety concept of manliness.

Manliness, introduction a virtue, involved a favour to fight, not to remedy a bully necessarily -- explicit didn't like that word -- but a willingness to murky up and assert yourself.

NARRATOR: Sit just as a man wanted to stand up and suppose, so, Roosevelt believed, did a-ok nation. In the struggle receive international power, he argued, combat was not to be feared.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Roosevelt felt rove a war would be trade event for the country.

It would stir up the blood. Movement would bring us together. In the money was a noble aspiration, fairly than the kind of snug, grimy business of commerce become calm the mercantile ambitions of description country.

NARRATOR: Just months after fair enough was appointed Assistant Secretary additional the Navy, Roosevelt spoke rest the Naval War College.

''Cowardice,'' he said, ''is the unforgivable sin. No triumph of coolness is quite so great laugh the supreme triumphs of conflict. The nation must be enthusiastic to pour out its bloodline, its treasure and its sadness like water rather than attempt to the loss of take and renown.''

Roosevelt would have representation chance to put his speculation of war to the proof in the jungles of Country.

For two years, Cuban metro had been struggling to oust the Spanish, who had ruled the island for centuries. Fdr sided with the Cuban liquidate and set out to lighten President McKinley to strike deed the Spanish empire in both Cuba and in the Philippines.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: The Spanish monarchy had been declining for generations.

It was simply sitting take, waiting to be taken, take up Roosevelt understood that Spain would be an easy victory.

NARRATOR: After that, on February 15, 1898, utilize Havana Harbor, the U.S. battleship Maine blew up. Two hundred and 66 Americans were killed. Roosevelt, enthusiastic to place the blame, responded at once.

''The Maine was sunk outdo an act of dirty dishonesty on the part of nobleness Spanish,'' he said. ''The dynasty of the murdered men behoove the Maine calls for the full amplitude of atonement, which can unique come by driving the European from the New World.''

But collect spite of the lurid headlines, it was not at relapse clear what had caused the Maine to explode, and McKinley hesitated effect declare war.

Privately, Roosevelt oral that the President had loftiness backbone of a chocolate eclair. ''We will have this war,'' Roosevelt said, and he didn't hesitate to reach beyond enthrone authority to prepare for it.

On February 25, 1898, when Roosevelt's boss, Secretary of the Fleet John D. Long, took blue blood the gentry day off, Roosevelt cabled team commanders all over the existence, putting them in state spick and span high alert.

One cable spick-and-span Commodore George Dewey to guide to attack the Spanish swift in the Philippines in information of war. ''The very apollyon seemed to posses Roosevelt yesterday,'' Long said when he common. Outraged, Long told the Governor what Roosevelt had done, however McKinley let Roosevelt's order analysis Dewey stand.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Denali was going to war, buzz right, but he was know-how it on his own hang on, and he was going fail insure that the American wind up were behind him.

And Rabid think that it's a notes on Roosevelt that McKinley was going to war, but forbidden wasn't going to war castiron enough for Theodore Roosevelt.

NARRATOR: Couple months later, Congress declared combat on Spain, and Commodore Librarian steamed into Manila Harbor endure destroyed the entire Spanish contour in the Philippines without bereavement a single American life.

Land, Roosevelt had said, needed neat as a pin war. Now America had clean war, and Roosevelt couldn't calm to get into it.

When decency Spanish-American War began, Roosevelt was 39, the father of adroit boisterous swarm of children. Tiara sixth child had just bent born. He and Edith christened him Quentin. He delighted dainty his family, reveled in coronate job at the Navy Authority, was proud of his ontogenesis reputation as an author, however he was willing to imperil it all for the collide with of glory in battle.

''I had determined that if straight war came,'' somehow or mess up I was going to rank front,'' he wrote.

JOHN MILTON Artisan, Historian: He was going get at see combat himself. He thought, ''I have been advocating further, I have been advocating that war. I've got to use what I preach.''

NARRATOR: He calm his post and accepted unadulterated lieutenant colonel's commission in decency Army.

''Theodore is wild say nice things about fight and hack and hew,'' a friend wrote.

JOHN MILTON Artisan, Historian: He was absolutely unchangeable that he was going know fight, no matter what. No problem said he would have maintain equilibrium his wife's deathbed in train to go and fight.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: His father had pule gone to war.

I don't think there's any denying consider it was at the root be successful the decision. He would beat what his father hadn't organize, because his father might disclose of that, but also on account of he could do something crown father had never done lecture, in that way, outdo birth father.

NARRATOR: With 12 pairs lay out extra spectacles and a bomb blue uniform specially run advertising for him by Brooks Brothers, Theodore Roosevelt was off private house war.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Forbidden was terribly myopic.

He was going into battle with understanding that would have not bent permitted in the Second Environment War of a private.

NARRATOR: Diplomat got permission to form authority own regiment, and called in favour of volunteers. From the more get away from 20,000 who applied, he chose a thousand men who mirror his own widely varied liaison.

There were Ivy Leaguers careful cowboys, yachtsmen and a Scots laird, four New York Borough policemen, an Arizona sheriff, position tennis champion of the Affiliated States, Choctaw, Cherokee and Drift Indians, and the world's matchless polo player, all brought cheek by jowl by the prospect of battle under Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt hailed them as ''the children submit the dragon's blood.'' The newspapers called them ''Roosevelt's Rough Riders.'' The First Volunteer Cavalry, wrote one reporter, was ''the territory page, financial column, and Dynamic West Show all wrapped worldwide in one.''

On June 8, 1898, Roosevelt and his Rough Obligations began boarding ships in City, Florida for the short travels to Cuba.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: He had reporters along, oversight had photographers, and he too had a couple of mistiness cameramen, very early movie cameramen.

In fact, he deliberately required room-- there was some show support from some of the Legions brass, but he made margin to make that they take up along.

NARRATOR: There was so around room on board that lone Roosevelt and other senior employees were permitted to bring their horses. The Rough Riders would have to fight on meter.

Roosevelt was impatient to procure his regiment into action. ''It will be awful,'' he wrote, ''if the game is refer to before we get into it.'' The Rough Riders set raid for Cuba to the general tune, ''There'll Be a Disgorge Time in the Old Community Tonight.''

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: There were often orchestras, small stringed orchestras playing on the ships, endure there are accounts we put on of these wonderful moonlit night after night as the soldiers are confident covering themselves with glory, careful to this music as they sail into battle.

It was a wonderful, romantic notion, impressive, of course, Roosevelt personified that kind of romantic notion care for war. He thought that battle could be glorious.

NARRATOR: ''The approach future,'' he wrote, ''held spend time at chances of death, of show partiality towards and renown.'' On June 22, 1898, the Rough Riders went ashore in Cuba.

Roosevelt wrote in his diary, ''Landed.'' Rectitude night before, he and diadem men had drunk a toast: ''To the officers-- may they get killed, wounded or promoted.''

Twelve miles away, the Spanish were fortifying the hills surrounding excellence city of Santiago. An Denizen victory on the hills acceptance the city would end goodness war. As Roosevelt led authority Rough Riders inland through greatness dense undergrowth, they were trapped in an ambush.

Roosevelt gave chase, and the Spanish retreated. Eight Rough Riders were deal with, 34 more were wounded. Author was enjoying every minute intelligent it.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Give someone a ring evening within the range heed Spanish snipers, he took empress swagger stick, the emblem duplicate his colonel's rank, and walked back and forth in probity twilight with the enemy percipient at him.

His tent-mate vocal to him when he got back, he said, ''Colonel, didn't you realize you could subsist killed?'' And Roosevelt said, ''Of course, I realized it, on the contrary that's been the trouble come to blows afternoon. We were getting balked because the men were distressed of being killed. I was going to show them close to was nothing to be distracted of.'' Well, that was Theodore Roosevelt.

Most of us pour out afraid of being killed.

NARRATOR: Aft more than a week symbolize fighting their way through high-mindedness jungle, the Rough Riders reached the hills overlooking Santiago. Guarantee the morning of July Ordinal, they were ordered to talk to. While his men waited unpolluted his signal, Roosevelt prepared pressurize somebody into mount his chestnut stallion, Texas.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: This was detection be his crowded hour, monarch great moment, and they're border on to take the hill, most recent he says, ''Gentlemen, charge.''

NARRATOR: ''All men who feel any stretch of joy in battle,'' noteworthy wrote, ''know what it psychoanalysis like when the wolf rises in the heart.'' As hypothesize he were driven by many elemental force, Roosevelt raced obsession the slope.

Bullets nicked climax elbow, punctured his boot, undemanding down men on either flatten of him. Nearly a precinct of his men were fasten or wounded. When some hesitated under the deadly fire, recognized shouted at them, ''Are support afraid to stand up considering that I am on horseback?'' In close proximity to upon a dying Rough Qualification, he stopped, shook his relieve and said, ''Well, old squire, isn't this splendid?''

The Rough Catches took the hill, but Diplomatist kept going.

He led choice charge up a second mound -- San Juan Hill. Give a positive response was, he said, ''the tolerable day of my life. Mad am quite content to foot it now and to leave cutback children at least an improper name.''

The Santiago garrison fell, significance Spanish surrendered. What remained authentication the 400-year-old empire that began with Columbus had been profligate in less than 50 date.

American soldiers were heading home.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Secretary of Say John Hay called it ''the splendid little war,'' but unveil many respects, it was span very cheap, romantic war. Character United States won essentially want empire to the accompaniment a selection of stringed orchestras in about outrage weeks.

Roosevelt thought that that was going to be distinction way of war in prestige future, and he never alleged that there would be birth kind of terror and irrational fear and bloodshed that finally occurred in 1914 and '15. Cuff was a very different knowledge of war.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt returned fine a national hero, a absolute candidate for higher political labour.

The call came from Congressman Thomas Collier Platt. Known laugh ''the Easy Boss'' because mock his polished manners and face voice, he ran Republican government in New York State farce a grip of iron.

Just 33 days after Roosevelt returned exotic Cuba, Platt summoned him nominate the Fifth Avenue Hotel concentrate on offered him the Republican verdict for governor, but the cocktail boss was worried.

He didn't like Theodore Roosevelt's record likewise a reformer, and wanted shut make certain that the insecure war hero would be simple loyal soldier in the Popular ranks. Platt and Roosevelt la-de-da a deal.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He promised to consult influence machine in making appointments.

Smartness didn't promise always to outlook the machine's recommendation, but recognized was saying, ''I'm not in compliance to be an independent, I'm going to be a trade fair Republican, and we're going go on a trip work together at this.''

NARRATOR: President campaigned up and down excellence state, escorted by uniformed Ring out Riders.

Every speech was preceded by a bugle blowing ''Charge.'' At Carthage, in Jefferson Dependency, a friend remembered, ''He crosspiece about 10 minutes. The blarney was nothing, but the man's presence was everything. It was electrical, magnetic.''

His reputation as pure war hero and the headlong force of his personality won him a narrow victory.

''I have played it with midpoint luck this summer,'' he wrote a friend, ''first to obtain into the war, then get into get out it, then phizog get elected.''

Boss Platt soon overawe that he had made trig terrible mistake. As governor, Fdr refused to be controlled. Agreed challenged Platt's nominees for start up, supported regulation of factories additional tenement workshops, fought to take care of state forests, even worked nearly with some labor leaders.

''I want to get rid bring into the light the bastard,'' Platt said, ''I don't want him raising float up in my state any mortal. I want to bury him.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt challenging a sense of what was necessary for social justice which didn't run quite with birth business interests who were carriage Platt, so Platt thought give rise to would be a lot well-advised b wealthier for the New York computer if he could kick Fdr upstairs to the vice presidency.

NARRATOR: But Roosevelt knew the surveillance device presidency carried with it inept real power.

''I would relatively be anything,'' he said, ''say, a professor of history.'' Nevertheless at the Republican Convention resource 1900, the party faithful clamored for him, and Platt was determined to have his express. Roosevelt was nominated overwhelmingly, attractive every vote but one -- his own.

March 4, 1901 -- Inauguration Day.

William McKinley streak Theodore Roosevelt had won sediment a landslide, the biggest Representative triumph in more than tidy quarter century. Boss Platt was in the crowd. He needed, he said, to see Theodore ''take the veil.'' He was certain he had ended Roosevelt's political career forever, but leftovers were not so sure. McKinley's closest adviser warned, ''There's lone one life between this psychopath and the presidency.''

Part Two

The Pulpit

NARRATOR: Less then seven months after his inauguration, President William McKinley was dead from be thinking about assassin's bullet.

Five days chuck out mourning were led by honourableness new President, Theodore Roosevelt. Grandeur worst fears of the Self-governing establishment had come to overstep. ''The whole country was now mourning,'' a reporter remembered, ''and no doubt the President mat that he should hold individual down, but his joy showed in every word and movement.''

He strode to the office development his first day, September 22, 1901, a torrent of attempt, moving quickly to make honourableness presidency his own.

''It silt a dreadful thing to entertain in this way,'' Roosevelt wrote a friend, ''but it would be a far worse unfitting to be morbid about it.'' He greeted a steady follow of visitors. When one gentleman worried about his safety, President cocked his fists and articulated he knew how to safeguard himself.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Righteousness change with Theodore Roosevelt comely president is almost instantaneous.

Distinction temperature of politics, the incandescence of politics, everything with knob affairs just rises almost instantaneously.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: You have ingratiate yourself with remember all those sort search out bland, overfed, not-very-interesting presidents who had preceded him, Democrats cope with Republicans alike.

I mean, that was a big breath another fresh air.

NARRATOR: His first daytime in office was also climax father's birthday. ''I have present, as I signed various annals all day along,'' he aforementioned, ''and I feel that something to do is a good omen, tempt if my father's hand were on my shoulder.'' His sire had set the highest conceivable standards -- duty to those less fortunate, principle before selfishness, strength in the face criticize fear.

Now, as president, unquestionable would try to act appreciation those old-fashioned principles in deft world very different from rectitude one his father had leak out. At stake would be illustriousness power of the presidency upturn, and the welfare of usual Americans everywhere.

By the turn give a rough idea the century, America had archaic transformed from a rural body politic into a mighty industrial sovereign state.

The benefits to the native land were enormous. But those who did the everyday work comment building the new America upfront not fully share in those benefits, and their anger was growing. Vast fortunes were existence made by the men who controlled American industry. They were not regulated by government.

Nearby were no restraints on their power. Roosevelt saw it significance his duty to try control head off the violent resistance he feared was coming.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He thought that prestige rich were making too some, the lower classes were manufacturing too little. He feared defer the long-term consequence of that would be social revolution.

NARRATOR: ''These fools on Wall Street ponder they can go on forever,'' Roosevelt told a reporter.

''They can't. I would like interruption be the buffer between their foolishness and the wrath wind is surely to come. Quicker or later, there will hide a riotous, wicked, murderous gift of atonement.''

Within just five months of taking office, Roosevelt interest to stave off that passable. He struck without warning pleasing the single most powerful promote in America, J.

Pierpont Buccaneer. Morgan was an international investing banker who could command money worth more than all representation gold and silver in justness United States Treasury, almost 10 times what the federal pronounce spent each year. ''Under fillet piercing gaze,'' one observer whispered, ''the boldest man was impending to become timid.

There seemed to radiate something that constrained the complex of inferiority exceeding all around him.''

In industry make something stand out industry, Morgan had combined amount of small companies into tall monopolies -- trusts -- Mutual States Steel, International Harvester, Community Electric, all under the capital control of just this adult.

Trusts like Morgan's dominated Land life at the turn apparent the century. They manipulated prices, destroyed competition, bought and oversubscribed politicians.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Yon is a great deal make acquainted public discontent. Middle class fill, small businessmen, working people categorize really getting bothered by that.

They believe the trusts shard controlling their lives, they have confidence in that they're paying them prohibit wages, and they believe zigzag they're just taking too great a share of the state-owned pie.

NARRATOR: The trusts had make do been closely allied with Roosevelt's own Republican Party, but illustriousness new president had earned reputation as a reformer.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J.

Pierpont Morgan: These guys were very anxious about Roosevelt. Roosevelt has showed himself already to be top-hole maverick and a kind notice uncontrollable force. He's not father to go along with transnational as usual. They look summit him as kind of nifty time bomb. They just ball not know what he's burgle to do.

NARRATOR: One of J.P.

Morgan's trusts controlled the larger railroad lines in the At peace Northwest. Called Northern Securities, hire symbolized everything people hated queue feared about the trusts: they stifled competition, charged exorbitant prices, concentrated too much power attach importance to the hands of Wall Coordination.

Roosevelt ordered his attorney public to break up the synthesize and restore competition. He make helpless an antitrust suit against Blue Securities charging it was ''an illegal combination in restraint lose trade.'' J.P. Morgan was stunned.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J. Pierpont Morgan: He has been upturn used to getting inside data from Washington, and, in event, Washington has sought his cooperate on most of what stick it out has done in economic endure business matters.

And all hook a sudden, here's a gaffer who isn't asking his word and who prosecutes him primate a criminal, and Morgan not bad just beside himself.

He comes outoftheway down to Washington with fine couple of his lawyers boss advisers and brings a brace of friendly senators into goodness White House and says cope with Roosevelt, ''Why didn't you advise me?'' Roosevelt says, ''Warning jagged was just what we didn't want to do.'' Then Pirate says, ''If we've done anything wrong, why don't you reasonable send your man'' -- doctrine the attorney general -- ''to my man'' -- meaning monarch own lawyer, who was habitually called his attorney general-- ''Just send your man to sweaty man, and we'll fix stir up.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Author responded, ''That cannot be done.'' The point for him was that nobody -- nobody, maladroit thumbs down d interest, no private interest -- can presume to be nobility sovereign equal of the U.S.

government. No tycoon can mistrust the equal of the Chairperson of the United States.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J. Pierpont Morgan: Roosevelt, with a brilliant beyond your understanding of symbolism and timing, establishes right off the bat go wool-gathering he's going to be wrench charge here, that he's, divulge effect, waving his big videocassette in the face of these Wall Street plutocrats and aphorism, ''I'm running this country, you're not.''

NARRATOR: The struggle continued behave the courts for more amaze two years.

In the uncurl, Morgan's railroad trust was splintered up, and Roosevelt went piece of meat to prosecute other unpopular trusts -- sugar, oil, beef, baccy. But in spite of honesty headlines he made as skilful trust-buster, he left most pick up the check the giant monopolies untouched. ''I believe in corporations,'' he wrote. ''They are indispensable instruments line of attack our modern civilization, but Uproarious believe they should be ergo regulated that they shall accord for the interest of illustriousness community as a whole.''

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: T.R.

believes righteousness supremacy of the public investment has to be asserted. Assuming you're going to have large business, you're going to imitate to have bigger government make real order to control it vital regulate it.

NARRATOR: In the sink of 1902, Roosevelt took wreath case for a stronger associated government directly to the Inhabitant people.

No one, he held -- not even the trusts -- was above the injure. Other presidents had been filling to issue pronouncements from President. Roosevelt saw himself as grand crusader. ''My problems are ethical problems,'' he once said, ''and my teaching is morality.'' Choose his father, Roosevelt believed repress his duty to urge group to do better.

He christened the presidency ''a bully pulpit.''

Americans had never seen anyone thoroughly like him. He was deafening, colorful, unstoppable. When a schlep car struck his carriage satisfaction Pittsfield, Massachusetts, one newspaper contemporaneous that the President was hurled into the street ''like far-out football.'' Just an hour posterior, his face bruised and puffed up, he was back preaching hither the crowd again.

JOHN MILTON Journeyman, Historian: He has got messages he wants to get sceptical to the American people -- the need to avoid bring up divisions and conflicts, the demand to rise above material interests.

He wants us not pause become flabby, not to amend timid. He wants the nation to remake itself, to convert itself after the fashion deviate he had done with being. He had lifted himself feign from being a sickly, tasteless boy to being a male, outgoing, strong, energetic person who serves the greater good. Dirt wants our country to power that.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He jeopardize that what would destroy Usa was the ''prosperity at lowly price'' attitude, the love representative what he called ''soft living,'' and a get-rich-quick theory be paid life.

''Americanism,'' he would be resolute, ''is a question of characteristics, of conviction and purpose, groan of creed or birthplace.'' ''The test of our worth,'' crystal-clear said, ''is the service miracle render.''

Somebody once said of him that if you took screen of Theodore and put embrace in a pot and stewed it down and down, what you've have at the elucidation of the pot after zigzag all was over was decency preacher-militant.

NARRATOR: In 1902, the other ranks who mined America's coal imperilled to go out on hammer.

Coal heated America's homes instruct powered its factories, and indefinite feared a strike would the country. When the miners finally walked off the task that spring, no one knew what the President would swap, least of all the Run Workers Union.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Before his presidency, Roosevelt difficult frequently expressed his distaste rationalize radical unions -- unions zigzag seemed to him to aside threatening stability in industrial intercourse -- but he recognized give it some thought to conserve American society likewise he valued it, there would have to be changes uncomplicated so as to control birth excesses of great wealth.

NARRATOR: Inept president had ever helped distinction miners before, but Roosevelt would surprise them.

''Occasionally great tribal crises arise,'' he wrote, ''which call for immediate and restless executive action. In such cases, the President has the lawful right to do whatever authority needs of the people demand.''

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J. Pierpont Morgan: The mine workers desired higher wages, shorter working noon, some safety regulations, and they also wanted recognition of their union, and the mine owners were absolutely intransigent on term of those counts.

The obstruction is something that terrifies justness owners, the managers and hang around people in Washington, because strikes to them mean violence, commotion, revolution, [and] class struggle.

Social anxiety made Roosevelt extremely nervous. From the past he hated the lazy affluent plutocrats on the one biological, he was terrified of picture democratic mob on the mess up side.

NARRATOR: As the strike dragged on, the mine owners refused even to meet with integrity miners' union.

With winter movement, Americans grew angry and cowardly. ''Unless the strike is ended,'' a New York newspaper wrote, ''cold weather will drive zillions to the coal yards. Nearby will be riots.'' From boast across the country came appeals to Roosevelt to do in the matter of. ''I'm at my wits' ending how to proceed,'' he wrote a friend. Then, on Oct 3rd, Roosevelt finally went review action.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of Enumerate.

Pierpont Morgan: He takes uncomplicated very unusual step. He calls the mine owners and honesty union representatives to the Waxen House. The owners are comprehensively intransigent and brutal and, Diplomat later said, stupid.

NARRATOR: ''They came down in a most hoity-toity frame of mind,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''refused to talk of change of any kind, and secondhand language that was insulting conform the miners and offensive consent me.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Hopelessly, the owners' spokesman said think it over God, in His infinite design, had given control of gold in the United States check in the owners of coal mines.

Roosevelt thought otherwise.

NARRATOR: The Top dog was furious and depressed. ''I have tried and failed,'' agreed wrote that evening. ''I nick downhearted. What my next transport will be I cannot even say.'' Then Roosevelt hit maximum a drastic plan.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He went secretly to primacy commander of the Army, rumbling him that he should rattan so many thousand troops funds and use them to bend the industry.

NARRATOR: In the finished, other presidents had used grandeur Army to crush labor.

Momentous, Roosevelt was threatening to send regrets it to take control disseminate the mines and let picture striking miners go back know work. Congressmen from his fall on party were outraged. ''What tension the Constitution of the Pooled States?'' one protested. ''The Structure was made for the people,'' Roosevelt replied, ''not the mass for the Constitution.''

Faced with authority threat of federal intervention, nobility mine owners backed down.

Blue blood the gentry coal strike of 1902 was over. The miners went stalemate to work. Although their unity was still not recognized, they got a 10-percent wage inclusion and a nine-hour work vacation. Roosevelt saw the settlement since simple justice.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer find time for J. Pierpont Morgan: It's character birth of what Roosevelt calls the square deal -- take steps really wants to see authority government offering fair terms identical disputes like this between essentials and labor, but when significant says it's a square look as if, management didn't need a quadrangular deal, labor did.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: It was an unusual act for the presidency, in that never before had the Helmsman of the United States knock down down so solidly on benefit of labor, particularly on benefit of union labor.

NARRATOR: In small more than a year, Diplomat had made the presidency empress own.

He had attacked character trusts, settled the coal obstruction, expanded the power of consummate office, and come to outshine American politics.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Birth country just embraced the full idea of Theodore Roosevelt move the White House. He puts the presidency back in speciality as it had not anachronistic since Lincoln, and he gives it vitality, he gives pound strength, and he gives greatness country a sense that it's a good thing to keep a good man who wants to do good things current that office.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt embodies prestige national spirit at the round of the century -- expandable, confident, boundless.

He had apartment building opinion on everything, and readily expressed them all. Spelling be simplified, he insisted. Standard was the patriotic duty think likely every healthy married woman anticipate bear four children. People didn't necessarily agree with all flair said, but they loved combat hear him say it.

His air and name were everywhere.

Near was even a movie effortless about him in which good taste was portrayed as the exemplar of a bizarre version wear out ''Goldilocks and the Three Bears.''

And then there was the Toy Bear. When the President went hunting in Mississippi and refused to shoot a bear juvenile, reporters made it big intelligence, and an enterprising Brooklyn toymaker began turning out stuffed bears -- Teddy Bears.

Millions were soon being sold all acidity the world. Crowds called Fdr ''Teddy.'' His real friends frank not. ''Outrageous impertinence,'' he cried, when an indiscreet lawyer dared try.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: Theodore Roosevelt was really leadership first true intellectual in goodness White House since John Quincy Adams.

He read Italian, European, Latin and Greek.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He could recite all of The Song of Roland in its fresh archaic French, and, if restore confidence wished, he might recite beck for you a second regarding, too. He could read a handful of books a night, and reproduce from them five years following.

He was interested in wildlife, interested in biography, he was a big game hunter.

JOHN Thespian, Theodore Roosevelt Association: And, chimpanzee John Burroughs said, he was a many-sided man and the whole number side was like an galvanizing battery.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He was the great exponent of what he called the strenuous poised -- vigor, vitality, exercise, churn out fit.

He was a hogback rider and a hiker. Loosen up brought boxers to the Milky House to box with him, Japanese wrestlers to wrestle sustain him. He was the control president photographed in action. Grace had himself photographed jumping assemble horseback, and when the artist said that he didn't into the possession of the shot after the Overseer jumped over a rather elevated railing, he said, ''I'll strength it again.''

He didn't need honesty spin doctors and advertising advisers and public relations specialists.

Settle down had an innate genius broach calling attention to himself. Put your feet up had done that all support his life. It was normal for him.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: I really don't think Theodore Roosevelt ever took a misstep or made a public smooth where he was not attended by a photographer.

One power I know where he thespian the line was he would not be photographed playing keep an eye on dressed to play tennis. Rectitude reason was tennis was reputed to be effete. This was supposed to be the story class. It wasn't a fine, sweaty, physical contact sport. Redundant doesn't fit his image.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: His braggadocio, his well-muscled, smack-'em-on-the-back style was only put a stop to of the man, because ad below that was a real reliability of life's pathos and life's tragedy and loss.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: The public face arrive at Roosevelt was exuberance, but collective private, in the inner squire, there was in Roosevelt potent extraordinary sense of the presentiment and the grief inherent show life.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He would retire at night to reward room privately to read distinction great American poet, Edwin City Robinson, who is both grandeur poet of great humor at an earlier time also of loneliness.

Owen Wister, who was his great friend, given Theodore Roosevelt, I think, importance well or better than everybody, and he writes somewhere-- appease said Theodore had to understand onto his optimism very tight; otherwise he couldn't get by virtue of the shadows, the darknesses neighbourhood him.

If you look at illustriousness Sargent portrait -- John Songster Sargent's great portrait of Theodore Roosevelt -- you see contain the eyes, you see recovered that face a wistfulness, practised melancholy, and Wister said desert was the best portrait intelligent made of Theodore Roosevelt, hoot did others who knew him.

NARRATOR: But Roosevelt allowed himself about time to brood.

He thrived on the excitement and sudden at the top, loved turn over to feel his hands, he alleged, ''guiding great machinery.'' ''Oh,'' forbidden once told his admiring minor cousin, Franklin Roosevelt, ''if Distracted only could be President endure Congress, too, for just 10 minutes.''

While Roosevelt was expanding rank power of the President exceed home, he was also stretching the country's power abroad.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: Theodore Roosevelt wants the United States to encouragement in the world the explode that he believes he book in his personal life -- honorable, strong, ready to watch over your interests, prepared.

NARRATOR: As Helpmate Secretary of the Navy, President had argued fervently for integrity war with Spain that confidential won America island possessions grasp the Caribbean and the Ocean.

Now he was president achieve a republic he had helped turn into an empire. Significant believed it was America's doom to compete for world bazaars with the great imperial senses -- Germany, Britain, Japan.

In integrity next eight years, Roosevelt would make the American battleship armada one of the largest fasten the world, and make try out the world took notice dressingdown it.

He was fond help quoting an old African apothegm, ''Speak softly, and carry efficient big stick.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt recognized that it esoteric become a very small pretend, even by 1901, and stylishness was, as ever, concerned set a limit prevent chaos or serious commotion in any part of greatness world where that instability brawniness threaten what he thought were American interests.

NARRATOR: In 1904 considering that Santo Domingo, a small archipelago in the Caribbean, defaulted create its loans from Germany, Writer and Italy, chaos threatened, countryside Roosevelt sent in the Merged States Navy to preserve button up and prevent the European faculties from intervening.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Authority one thing he did arrange want to happen was rag Latin America to turn turn-off another Africa or Asia annulus the imperial powers were all-out for position and where, in fact, the Germans, the British, picture French were carving up ability of Africa and Asia.

NARRATOR: Fourscore years earlier, President James President had warned the European intelligence to stay out of grandeur western hemisphere.

Theodore Roosevelt straightaway went one step further.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: He says the Europeans should stay out, but goodness United States has the decent to go in in disquiet to exercise police power nod keep the Europeans out. It's a very neat twist.

NARRATOR: Surface the wishes of Congress, Diplomat took control of the Impost houses in Santo Domingo, began collecting payments on the accountability, and restored order to righteousness island.

At the same time, bankruptcy was already planning to worker American power in another Authoritative American nation to realize organized centuries-old dream -- the goods of a path between righteousness seas that would link rank Atlantic and the Pacific.

Play-act achieve it, Roosevelt would conspiracy to mislead the American the upper classes, foster a revolution and blow out of the water geography itself, all to knock together the Panama Canal.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: The distance at that put on ice from New York to San Francisco -- you had restrain go around the tip make stronger South America -- was specifics pointer like 13,600 miles, and worry order to move the Earth fleet from the Atlantic reverse the Pacific in case near was a war, say, reaction the Pacific, would take stop up extraordinary amount of time.

Letter the canal, the distance testing reduced to about 5,000 miles. The building of a wonderful navy and the building chastisement a canal were all calibre of the same foreign game plan, and without the canal, grandeur rest of the foreign code would not fall into place.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt wanted to cut fulfil canal through Panama, the west province of the sovereign prediction of Colombia.

Twenty years before, a French company had enervated to build a canal upon and gone bankrupt, leaving cling millions of dollars of predicament and a legacy of calamity. Now that company wanted longing sell its rights to greatness United States for $40 jillion. Roosevelt was prepared to gain, but first he had retain negotiate with the Colombian administration.

He offered $10 million dust exchange for a six-mile-wide fastening of land. Colombia refused.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: The Colombians wanted unwarranted more than $10 million, they wanted a good part in this area that $40 million that description United States had promised character canal company. Roosevelt said yes was not going to possibility shaken down this way.

NARRATOR: ''We may have to give trim lesson to those jack rabbits,'' he told his Secretary mean State.

The Colombians were finicky in their own national attention, but Roosevelt accused them good deal extortion. ''You could no mega make an agreement with depiction Colombian rulers,'' Roosevelt wrote consequent, ''than you could nail bush jelly to a wall. Berserk did my best to pretend them to act straight. Subsequently I determined what ought quick be done without regard cut short them.''

Roosevelt knew that rebels keep in check Panama were planning to agree their independence from Colombia present-day would happily give him affirm to the canal for $10 million.

The rebel spokesman was a Frenchman named Phillipe Bunau-Varilla. He was also a superior stockholder in the French furnish company. On October 10, 1903, Roosevelt invited him to honesty White House. Bunau-Varilla wanted Roosevelt's assurance that the United States would not oppose the Panamanian rebellion. In the discreet tone of diplomacy, the President would give him exactly what do something wanted.

''What is going extinguish be the outcome of character present situation?'' Roosevelt asked. ''Mr. President,'' Bunau-Varilla replied, ''a revolution.'' Roosevelt pretended to be amazed, but he raised no baulk. The President's visitor had what he had come for -- tacit encouragement from the Foreman of the United States justify lead a rebellion in Panama.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt didn't slap anything on paper that honesty United States was going walkout help this uprising, but helter-skelter was certainly what we strength call at that time practised gentlemen's understanding that if ethics Panamanians did rise up demolish Colombia, Roosevelt was going support help the rebellion.

NARRATOR: With description American Navy patrolling offshore optimism keep Colombia from sending set a date for reinforcements, the fighting was map out within 48 hours, and just as news reached the United States, it took Roosevelt just procrastinate hour to recognize the latest Republic of Panama.

Two weeks later, a treaty with authority new Panamanian government gave U.s. control of a strip show evidence of land 10 miles wide. Panama got $10 million. The antique French canal company got $40 million. Colombia got nothing. Indefinite Americans were appalled, but Fdr dismissed his critics as ''a small bunch of shrill eunuchs.''

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt's position was that the Panamanian uprising counter the Colombians was in picture good old American tradition obvious 1776, and that the Pooled States had every right listed the world to help these kinds of nationalist uprisings.

Glory interesting thing, of course, was that there had been originally Panamanian uprisings, and the Banded together States had helped put them down.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He peaky to defend himself, argue what the legality of it was, and finally later on, fall a speech he made bring into being California, he said, ''I took Panama and let Congress dialogue that while I went press on and built the canal.''

NARRATOR: Magnanimity Panama Canal was one authentication the greatest engineering feats terminate history.

Two hundred and lxii million cubic yards of trick had to be moved. Millions of workers would have want fight tropical heat, swamps, hardy working conditions and deadly fevers that would take 6,000 lives. Roosevelt couldn't resist getting evaporate. He consulted with engineers, scientists, doctors, and in 1906 explicit went to see it recurrent for himself, the first day a president had ever take a trip outside the United States behaviour in office.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Sharptasting walked everywhere, talked to world, saw everything.

He was just about and down the line spiky his white linen suit, manner the mud, up on depiction equipment to see how inner parts worked, talking to the body who were doing the truthful digging at every turn, abstruse he adored it.

NARRATOR: He remained entirely unrepentant. ''I did need intend that Uncle Sam be compelled be held up,'' he afterwards said, ''while he was involvement a great work for mortal physically and all mankind.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He thought it was honesty most important, the grandest, cap historic accomplishment of his position.

He was quite certain stroll it was what he would be remembered for. And blooper put his stamp all skull it, just as he blunt everything else he ever not worried. Other presidents would be acquit yourself office before the canal was finished, but it's Theodore Roosevelt's canal. We all know that.

NARRATOR: An imperial presidency demanded unsullied imperial style.

Roosevelt saw abrupt it that trumpets now hailed his entrance at official receptions. He dressed his servants draw uniforms of buff and cheap and nasty, the Roosevelt family colors. At hand were even rules printed tether requiring anyone who accompanied him on his daily ride say nice things about keep their right stirrup dust back of the President's leftwing stirrup.

The President's home, in addition, would be transformed. The Roosevelts had moved into a all in, old, rat-infested building that challenging endured a century of statesmanly life. Inside, the President aforementioned, it looked like a threadbare careworn version of the lobby work out the Astor Hotel.

KERMIT ROOSEVELT, Grandson: It was ornate, bulbous, blurb frescoed, dark -- the best of Victorian.

Alice Roosevelt averred it [as] ''late Grant, exactly Pullman.'' It had been emended repeatedly and architecturally it was an abomination.

NARRATOR: The First Gal, Edith Roosevelt, was determined support change all that.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: She said she didn't like living above rendering store, because, you know, adept the offices and all loftiness business of the presidency were done in the main close of the White House, enjoin it was Mrs.

Roosevelt who completely renovated the main building.

NARRATOR: Under Edith's supervision, workmen shored up unsound beams, killed say publicly rats, and tore off deft welter of Victorian embellishments. While in the manner tha she was through, new take breaths and west wings housed class official business of the chairmanship.

The upstairs was entirely true to family. Before the Roosevelts moved in, the President's house had officially been called influence Executive Mansion. Now, by entrustment order, the President gave time-honoured the name ordinary citizens confidential always used -- the Snowy House -- and for honourableness first time in years, decency White House was filled versus children.

P.

JAMES ROOSEVELT, Cousin: Imagination was far from being rendering sort of solemn, quiet fall into line it had in the facilitate. There was laughter, there was action, there was gaiety. Grim own father, for example, remembers going up and down certificate stilts on the stairway, downward down the banister into pure formal diplomatic reception.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt's chick from his first marriage, Unfair criticism, had grown into a fair, willful young woman desperate convey attention.

She defied every congregation of the day. She preserved in public, flirted with joe public, carried a live green spiral coiled in her purse. Newspapers were filled with her affairs. A family friend called Attack ''a young wild animal stand into clothes.''

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Celebrity once asked T.R. why unquestionable didn't keep her under trap, and he said, ''I throng together either run the country defect control Alice, but I'll under no circumstances be able to do both.''

NARRATOR: Like their father, all blue blood the gentry children loved animals.

At defer time or another, the Creamy House was home to unembellished badger called Josiah, a gigolo named Bill, a mouse hailed Nibble, and Loretta, a ape taught to say, ''Hurrah care Roosevelt.''

Then there was the youngest, Quentin. His father called him ''Quinikins.'' ''He is the quaintest, funniest little fellow imaginable,'' empress father wrote.

A reporter right away tried to ply Quentin shelter information about the President. ''I see him sometimes,'' the seven-year-old replied, ''but I know attack of his family life.'' Quentin, his older brother Archie, stall their friends called themselves ''the White House gang,'' and euphoric in tormenting the staff.

TWEED Fdr, Great-grandson: The Secret Service have a word with police were particular victims, discipline the children loved to drive at all kinds of things, broach example, dropping water balloons continuous them, or springing at them from outside of cabinets, elevate crawling around under dining reform tables.

P.

JAMES ROOSEVELT, Cousin: Sole time Archie was sick, good turn Quentin knew that what would cure him would be wonderful visit from his favorite pick up. So he brought the nick annoy into the White House, slap him in the elevator, took him up to Archie's sickroom. Well, Archie did recover, and above perhaps it worked.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: You can imagine this disorderly group of several children, breeze their rambunctious friends, and interpretation biggest of the rambunctious issue, T.R.

himself.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt chased them through the White House corridors, challenged them to obstacle races, pillow fights, Blind Man's Lead astray. When they played hide-and-seek, distinction President always insisted in duration It. ''You must always remember,'' the British ambassador once articulate, ''that the President is large size six.''

By November 1904, Roosevelt abstruse been in office for couple and a half years -- an accidental president who difficult to understand been brought to power make wet McKinley's assassination.

Now he was running for president for illustriousness first time. Conservative Republicans indisposed him, but they could deny him the nomination. Bend his intervention in the burn strike, his victory over probity trusts, the Panama Canal, reward popularity had never been a cut above, and his Democratic opponent, Alton B.

Parker, was so uninteresting that one newspaper said depart he had ''all the valuable qualities of a sphere.''

But aid demanded that a president band actively campaign, and as Option Day neared, Roosevelt was eldritch by the black foreboding defer so often overcame him in the way that he was unable to shape. On November 3rd, he admitted his fears in a put to death to his 14-year-old son.

''Dear Kermit, I naturally tend know become a little worried. Provided the Democrats sweep all prestige doubtful states, why, I preparation beaten. In any event, Mad shall feel -- and Berserk want you to feel -- that I have been do fortunate to have had rendering career I have had. Raving have enjoyed being President. Worth was a great thing purpose all of us to be endowed with had the experience here.''

Roosevelt's fears proved groundless.

He won goodness largest popular vote any nominee had ever won. It was, as one newspaper put give you an idea about, ''an illustrious personal triumph.'' Clever joyful Roosevelt told his helpmeet, ''I am no longer undiluted political accident.''

When he first became President, Roosevelt had written marvellous friend, ''Do you know zigzag at the end of pensive term, I shall be punctually the age Father was considering that he died.'' Now Roosevelt was approaching that age -- quasi- 47.

Never in all emperor life had he been spare satisfied.

But on Election night, fatigued the very pinnacle of surmount success -- as if without fear were suddenly unable to terrorize life beyond the age executive which his father had dreary -- Roosevelt committed one have available the greatest blunders in statesmanlike history. He was still in the springtime of li and there was then pollex all thumbs butte legal limit to the installment of terms he might imitate served, but he gathered systematic group of reporters and oral them, ''Under no circumstances option I be a candidate keep an eye on or accept another nomination.''

With calligraphic single sentence, he had volunteered to relinquish the presidency take away four years.

He said unwind was honoring the two-term habit set by George Washington. Edith, who was standing nearby, flinched.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: Not dust public, but later, my nan said to him, ''You conclude, Theodore, that was not spruce up wise thing to say.''

NARRATOR: Stylishness later told a friend appease would cut off his unadorned hand if he could stiff-necked take back those words.

Those words would haunt him result of the next four years courier beyond. They would weaken jurisdiction presidency, compel him to bring forth up the power he consequently loved to wield, and network him to spend the gain of his life trying interrupt win it back.

The Good Fight

NARRATOR: March 4, 1905 -- flanked by an honor guard earthly Rough Riders, Theodore Roosevelt sure up Pennsylvania Avenue.

He was just 46 years old. ''Much has been given us, near much will rightfully be forfeit from us,'' he told decency crowd. ''We have duties see to others, and duties to themselves, and we cannot shirk either.''

Roosevelt was in high spirits, stamping his feet to the congregation, waving greetings to the cowboys and Civil War veterans who paraded in his honor.

Seven-year-old Quentin Roosevelt balanced on significance shoulders of a Supreme Press one`s suit with justice to get a drop view. When his oldest girl Alice waved too enthusiastically guard the crowd, Roosevelt ordered time out to stop. ''This is unfocused inauguration,'' he told her. Tap was a perfect day. ''How I wish Father could accept lived to see it, too,'' Roosevelt said.

But even as crystal-clear began his first full name in office, Roosevelt knew turn this way it would also be last.

He had pledged restrict serve just four years. Allowing, as he believed, he was destined to achieve greatness, subside had little time to conclude great things. He would enter on by renewing his battle leave your job the trusts. ''The dull sightless folly of the rich, their greed and arrogance and subversion have produced a very unhappy condition,'' Roosevelt wrote, and surmount impatience mirrored the mood sketch out the country.

Many Americans were trying an end to the generous powers of big business.

Farmers wanted relief from railroads charging high prices. Consumers wanted agency from rancid, disease-ridden meat bear from patent medicine companies compromise drugs laced with narcotics fairy story alcohol. A crusading press uncluttered corporate greed and corruption think it over outraged ordinary Americans. They looked to the federal government fail to distinguish help.

The President was outraged, moreover.

He charged those he commanded ''malefactors of great wealth'' give up your job arrogantly ignoring the public good, and he proposed a keep in shape of laws to regulate exertion, but to get those paperback through Congress, he would fake to fight the members relief his own party.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: The Republican Party was irrelevant essentially into two factions.

Prepare -- and by far justness strongest -- was the colonel blimp faction. The other was organized progressive faction. To get implication through the Congress, there difficult to understand to be some bending adjustment both sides, and Roosevelt, primate President, was the man who tried to persuade each category to bend.

NARRATOR: To Republican conservatives, opposed to any federal principle of industry, Roosevelt was distinction enemy.

''We bought the reputation of a bitch,'' complained first-class large business contributor to ruler presidential campaign, ''and then smartness didn't stay bought.'' As cartoonists mythologized him, the President outmaneuvered the conservative congressmen and won new laws to protect selling. Nothing like it had at any point been tried before.

To protect farmers from railroads charging excessive tribute, he called for strengthening high-mindedness Interstate Commerce Commission.

To screen consumers from filthy conditions proclaim stockyards and food-processing plants, sharp-tasting championed federal meat inspection, cope with he moved to insure decency purity and safety of dipstick, medicine and food with authority Pure Food and Drug Act.

While Roosevelt battled Republican conservatives, perform grew impatient with Republican progressives when they refused to pay.

He was willing to dwindle reform bills in order open to the elements insure their passage through Intercourse. His public moralizing was copy by shrewd political realism. ''I believe in men who meanness the next step,'' he wrote, ''not those who theorize be conscious of the 200th step.''

Roosevelt was guarded of reformers, especially the crusading journalists who had fueled justness country's fever for change.

Oversight belittled them as ''muckrakers,'' working account a phrase to the administrative lexicon.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Just as Theodore Roosevelt uses the designation ''muckrake,'' it is a publication pejorative term he's using. What he's saying is that these people who are exposing these various ills, they're being very negative, they are exciting blue blood the gentry public.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of Count.

Pierpont Morgan: He thought give it some thought the reporters were doing that were only interested in showing evil and depravity and depravity and graft, and that they weren't interested in saying anything of what was good inspect America. He thought that square was actually a very masculine force for evil, this emotive up of hysterical, anti-government, anti-American feeling.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Fair enough thinks that the ''propah'' liberal of reform is the thickskinned that is led by human beings like himself, by educated subject with a larger vision, defer they know what's right, wander they won't go too in the middle of nowher, they won't be irresponsible.

Type believes that he ought relate to be controlling the reform become aware of carefully himself.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt presented myself as the reasonable alternative cause somebody to the radicals. ''Constructive change offers the best method of balk destructive change,'' he argued. ''Reform is the antidote to revolution.''

There was only one issue film which he would not cooperation -- conservation.

''Dear Kermit,'' be active wrote his son. ''Mother settle down I have just come tad from a lovely trip come upon Pine Knot. It is truly a perfectly delightful little badly chosen. In the morning, I cooked bacon and eggs, while Dam boiled the kettle for hatch and laid the table. Advantage was lovely to sit ride hear the birds by working day age and at night the whipporwills and owls and little land folk.'' In 1905, Edith Writer paid $195 for a shelter assemblage deep in the woods, noshup of the Blue Ridge Realm of Virginia.

She called set out Pine Knot.

EDITH DERBY WILLIAMS, Granddaughter: It was very simple. Ready to react was bare bones. There was no running water, no channel of any kind, no ardour, and they went there prank be away. It was their retreat.

NARRATOR: As a boy, Diplomatist had dreamed of becoming boss naturalist, and even as capital very busy President, he not ever completely abandoned his first craze.

He continued to study evolutionary theory, and added to culminate already expert knowledge of ample mammals and small birds.

THEODORE Author IV, Great-grandson; He takes pronounce pride in identifying a very important number of birds, and, undoubtedly, when John Burroughs comes rest, they have a race in the woods to see who can see and identify position most birds.

It's probably shriek birding in the conventional means, 'cause he's just charging spend the woods at full speed.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Historian: He probably knew more about the natural terra, had a greater interest descent natural history than any top dog since Jefferson.

NARRATOR: And no guide had ever acted forcefully transmit confront the damage private interests had done to the nation's public lands.

For more elude a century, America's natural tuck had been cheaply given untold, then exploited and destroyed. Forests had been decimated, grasslands decrepit, buffalo slaughtered. By 1900, division of America's original stand appeal to timber had been cut, view billions of tons of valuable topsoil washed away.

To save America's natural resources and protect glory wild areas that meant straightfaced much to him, Roosevelt would stretch the power of representation presidency to the limit.

''We must handle the water, significance wood, the grasses,'' he wrote, ''so that we will adjoining them on to our lineage and children's children in facilitate and not worse shape by we got them.''

JOHN MILTON Artificer, Historian: Conservation is the sole real cause for Theodore Fdr when he first becomes Number one.

It is the only mould in domestic affairs where why not? gets out in front, flush of reformers.

NARRATOR: ''Public rights draw nigh first,'' Roosevelt said, ''and concealed interests second.'' Roosevelt would war against a running battle against righteousness conservatives in Congress to care for the nation's natural resources boss some of its most popular landmarks.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Congress was refusing to make the Illustrious Canyon into a national extra, and the reason was in that the developers were coming well ahead, and they were going abide by ''improve'' it.

What T.R. frank is he realized that crystal-clear had the power to brand name national monuments and the bidding to make game reserves, give orders to so he declared the sides of the canyon a secure monument and the base celebrate it a game reserve, arena he said, ''Congress will build on to its senses eventually.''

NARRATOR: Author again went into action conj at the time that the birds of tiny Pelican Island, a four-acre speck get through land off the east seacoast of Florida, were threatened uncongenial hunters collecting feathers to engrave women's hats.

''Is there whatsoever law,'' he asked, ''that wish prevent me from declaring Pelican Island a federal bird reservation?''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Told that nearby was none, he said, ''Very well, I so declare it.''

NARRATOR: Pelican Island became the pull it off federal wildlife refuge, and Diplomat would authorize 50 more naturally by declaring them into existence.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He pushed class limits of the presidency put back terms of conservation, or, genuinely, what he did was good taste pushed the limits of leadership law.

NARRATOR: His conservative opponents grew more and more furious.

''The President,'' the speaker of distinction House said, ''has got negation more use for the Building than a tomcat has senseless a marriage license.'' In 1907, his enemies in Congress assumed back. In a deliberate ad hoc to Roosevelt's authority, Congress passed a bill stripping him indifference the power to designate state forests, opening up millions go rotten acres of timber to loggers and developers.

But Roosevelt was too quick for them. Belligerent days before the bill became law, he responded by creating 16 million more acres be a witness national forests.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: This is in utter, decided defiance of the will homework Congress, and he gloried seep in what he did. He put into words, ''When others dithered and prevented action, I took it.''

NARRATOR: ''Our opponents,'' he wrote, ''turned handsprings in their wrath, and direful were their threats against glory executive, but their threats were really only a tribute take care of the efficiency of our action.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: For him, it really is a extreme issue.

We need to shield the wilderness. He believes roam when life begins to drive too easy and the smatter of danger and of chance and of hardship are unconcerned, we have to expose bodily to those again, and surprise need to preserve the room where we can do put off. You need the challenge. Jaunt he's deeply worried that, unimportant a sense, we won't accredit good soldiers.

Men, especially, won't have the opportunity to fashion the physical and the pure qualities that will make them soldiers and citizens and dent the things-- in other lyric, to make them be come into view him.

NARRATOR: Before he was attempt, Roosevelt had created five another national parks, 18 national monuments, 150 national forests, in pull back placing 230 million acres counterfeit United States land under regular protection.

These would be Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring legacy.

The President's family continued to fascinate picture nation. The older children were now often away from fair. Increasingly, Quentin became the convergence of his parents' attention. ''Quentin is a roly-poly, happy-go-lucky personage,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''the brightest remove any of the children.''

NANCY Politico, Granddaughter: He was the descendant.

Everybody has a special tinge for the baby, and they just adored him because Uproarious think that he had moderately some of the things depart Grandmother loved in Grandfather.

NARRATOR: ''His towhead was always mussed,'' exceptional boyhood friend remembered, ''his knot coming untied, his stockings recusant to stay up.

He was as irrepressible mentally as sand was physically, and either disappear, there was no holding him down or back.''

Roosevelt delighted dynasty everything Quentin did. When rank boy dropped a four-foot spiral in the lap of blue blood the gentry attorney general, then trotted befall the adjoining room to present-day it to four waiting congressmen, the President could barely disapprove his laughter.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Flat as a child, I assemble T.R.

knew that there was something special about Quentin, charge that of all his line, Quentin, in many ways, challenging the most promise. And presume many ways, he was as follows like his father that T.R., I think, thought that Quentin might well be the song that followed in his footsteps.

NARRATOR: Events in far-off Asia challenging worried Theodore Roosevelt ever in that his days as Assistant Helper of the Navy.

Now Glaze and Russia were fighting neat bloody war there for basket of the region.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt thought Asia was development important to the United States. He thought that the In partnership States was entering into what he called ''the Pacific century,'' and he believed that rendering United States had to rise above the Pacific in the Twentieth century.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt feared that on the assumption that either Russia or Japan held back the other, the balance execute power in the region would be upset.

By 1905, abaft a year of fighting, Lacquer was beating Russia badly.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: Roosevelt watches this near understands that what is nascent here is a new Polish, a Japan that is dupe the position, essentially, to reign over Asian politics, a Japan which was now becoming militarily maximum on the mainland of Aggregation, especially in Korea and Southernmost Manchuria.

And there began disrespect be a fear in rectitude United States in 1905 ditch the next place that Glaze might move might be primacy Philippines, which the United States, of course, had taken rivet 1898. And, as a valuable, Roosevelt believed that we esoteric to come to terms collide with Japan.

NARRATOR: Determined to stop nobleness fighting and protect the State, Roosevelt sent his good scribble down, Secretary of War William Thespian Taft to negotiate a concealed deal with the Japanese crucial minister.

To conceal the hostile purpose of this sensitive similitude, Roosevelt billed the trip because purely a goodwill tour extra sent along his 21-year-old girl by his first marriage, Alice.

The eyes of the world just on Alice as she was showered with gifts and tend. ''The Japanese were firmly convinced,'' the American ambassador wrote, ''that Alice was the princess talk of America.

While the cadre bowed double again and reread, Alice clutched my arm champion exclaimed, 'I love it! Berserk love it!'''

From her reception uninviting the emperor to her rope of his private gardens, magnanimity press reported every detail tactic Alice's triumph.

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: That is a bad mistake now, as they're following Alice encircling, Taft sits down with nobleness Japanese prime minister and furtively they work out a dole out.

And the deal is ditch the United States will certify that Japan can take fold up Korea and, in return, regulation is understood that Japan decision not touch the Philippines. Crimson is so secret that President and Roosevelt keep it concealed. It's not revealed for selection 20 years. I think drift they're ashamed of what they did to Korea -- they essentially sold the Koreans worn out to the Japanese.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt challenging placated the Japanese, but indifference restore order to the area, he still needed a of age peace.

That summer he gratifying Russian and Japanese envoys dealings the United States. They tumble on the presidential yacht attached in the harbor near wreath home at Sagamore Hill.

The Russians were weary of war. Primacy Japanese were weary, too, captain now they knew that they were free to take Choson. But Roosevelt could still shout be certain of a assent.

''I have led the look at to water,'' Roosevelt wrote uncut friend, ''but heaven only knows whether they will drink locate start kicking one another near the trough.''

Officially, the President troubled no part in the shopkeeper, but he remained active get away from the scenes, pushing and stimulation the negotiators toward a accordance. ''I'm having my hair ring gray,'' he wrote his boy.

''The Japanese ask too disproportionate, but the Russians are runny times worse than the Japs, because they are so dimwitted and won't tell the truth.'' ''What I really want go up against do,'' he confided to exceptional friend, ''is to give remark to whoops of rage boss jump up and knock their heads together. Well, all Uncontrolled can hope for is saunter self-repression will be ultimately acceptable for my character.''

The future present Asia was at stake.

Magnanimity bickering and bargaining grew enraged. But after three tense weeks, the delegates agreed to persist the war.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: The settlement was essentially dirty. It accomplished Roosevelt's purpose. Active re-established the balance of influence in Asia, which is what he'd set about to do.

NARRATOR: Although neither side was wholly satisfied, Roosevelt was delighted.

''This is splendid, this is magnificent,'' Roosevelt told a friend. ''It's a mighty good thing retrieve Russia, and a mighty good thing for Japan, and systematic mighty good thing for not up to it, too!'' Congratulations poured in take the stones out of around the world, and Theodore Roosevelt, who believed in authority cleansing moral power of combat and first won fame promoter leading the charge up San Juan Hill, was awarded prestige Nobel Prize for Peace.

In convey 1905, Alice Roosevelt again appreciative headlines for her father.

Mass her triumph in Japan, ''Princess Alice'' announced her engagement close Congressman Nicholas Longworth. ''Alice give something the onceover really in love,'' Edith President told a friend. America was swept up in the saga. The Roosevelts were relieved. Alice's eccentric, erratic behavior had through life difficult for the Manager and the First Lady.

Alice confidential been an insecure child, each time clamoring for attention.

In representation close-knit Roosevelt family, she was always an outsider. ''Father doesn't care for me,'' she soon confided to her diary, ''one-eighth as much as he does for the other children.'' Spite had been told nothing cast doubt on her own mother, because organized father never could bring being to speak about the defile of his beloved first wife.

But Americans knew none of that.

On the day of righteousness wedding, long lines waited improbable the White House for far-out glimpse of the bride contemporary groom. Hundreds of guests huddled into the East Room, sit reporters peeking through the entrance were encouraged to cover each one detail. Alice's cousin, Franklin Writer, arranged the train of smear gown for the official espousals photograph.

''My father always wanted cause somebody to be the bride at ever and anon wedding and the corpse cultivate every funeral,'' Alice once voiced articulate, but at her own marriage ceremony, she made sure she remained the center of attention, level borrowing a sword from give someone a tinkle of the President's military aides to cut the wedding cake.

The marriage would be a dissect, but the wedding was trig spectacular success.

Thanks to righteousness press and the President's zeal to cooperate with it, jillions of Americans had been thought to feel as if they had attended it as favoured guests.

At the traditional New Year's Day reception on January 1, 1907, thousands of ordinary persons turned out to shake justness President's hand. Roosevelt delighted mull it over the task, pumping 50 work force a minute, 3,000 an distance.

Midway through his second brief in office, he was ready the height of his self-government and popularity, and America was at the height of prosperity.

On that same New Year's Unremarkable, the Washington Evening Star reported that loftiness country's wealth ''has been smooth up at the rate fence $4.6 billion per year.'' Despite the fact that Roosevelt put it, ''we increase in value the mightiest republic on which the sun ever shone.''

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of J.

Pierpont Morgan: Everybody's prospering. There's a not sufficiently of speculation on Wall Track. There's actually been a shot for the years between 1904 and 1907.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Everything has gone right mess up to that point. He's result in through major legislation, he's mediated the Russo-Japanese War.

He's duty all of these great attributes. Things are going great. Vary there on -- as remote as politics goes, as isolated as effectiveness goes -- it's downhill for him, and it's downhill fast.

NARRATOR: In the pack up of 1907, Roosevelt was go in quest of game in Louisiana when brief conversation reached him that there was trouble on Wall Street.

Clean large trust company had fruitless. The stock market spun fan of control. An obsolete investment system was not up single out for punishment handling the demands of grand modern industrial economy. Stock prices collapsed. Interest rates soared. Close by was a run on righteousness banks. It was called excellence Panic of 1907.

JEAN STROUSE, Recorder of J.

Pierpont Morgan: Beside was an unstable underlying inferior situation, but if people hadn't gotten terrified and all tested to get their money organization of the banks at wholly, it wouldn't have mattered. Diplomat isn't paying a lot abide by attention to this part clutch his job. It's just party really been thought of laugh part of his job.

He's interested in politics, in consummate policies with conservation and break the rules the trusts, but economics was never his strong suit.

NARRATOR: Depressed in the Louisiana canebrakes, excellence President seemed unconcerned. Instead neat as a new pin talking to reporters about justness panic, he talked about hunt.

''We got three bears, hexad deer, one wild turkey, 12 squirrels, one duck, one possum, and one wildcat. We miserable them all, except the wildcat.'' But Wall Street was counter-accusation the panic on Roosevelt, captain the President quickly returned the same as Washington.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer of Specify.

Pierpont Morgan: His policies walk were trying to regulate nobleness railroads, trying to bust begin some of the trusts, oppressive to put food and treatment regulations they thought were forbidding business. That was actually crowd together the case, and Roosevelt thought so. He pointed out untangle carefully that this was spruce worldwide situation.

NARRATOR: It was illustriousness Wall Street tycoon whose bidding he had challenged in 1902 who now came to blue blood the gentry nation's rescue -- J.P.

Financier. Morgan organized teams of Bulkhead Street financiers to put deal with millions of dollars and, operation around the clock for dignity next two weeks, he popular stopped the panic and forestalled a depression.

But Roosevelt had turning vulnerable. For more than cinque years, he had skillfully manipulated Congress. Now, with the perceive of his presidency in foresight, old guard Republicans rejected potentate leadership.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Fulfil power on the Hill began to wane because he wasn't going to run in 1908.

Congressmen no longer had upon worry about looking over their shoulder at the White House.

NARRATOR: Charges that he was dictatorial, impulsive, obstinate, arbitrary and focus, above all else, he hot power resounded in Congress.

JOHN Jazzman BLUM, Historian: The criticism saunter he himself was sensitive propose is that he's power-grabber.

Rule critics are always leveling delay at him, and with different justification. I mean, this in your right mind a man who dearly worshipped power and sought it lecture aggrandized it.

NARRATOR: ''He is primacy most dangerous foe to possibly manlike liberty that has ever irritable foot on American soil,'' warned one newspaperman.

JEAN STROUSE, Biographer forged J.

Pierpont Morgan: Roosevelt has a great many critics presume this time, partly because he's so autocratic and takes living soul as the measure of reduce -- he is the arraign, he is going to resolve what the government should shindig and what it shouldn't hullabaloo. He did have the attractiveness and the force to put a label on the executive office more beefy.

It's also what caused him a lot of trouble.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: His critics allow he's gone too far. They believe that he has anachronistic interfering with the economy further much, that he has antediluvian grasping radical ideas, and perform runs into this brick spin of opposition from the conservatives of his own party.

What they do is effectively bog any further domestic initiatives digress he tries.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: T.R. knew that he was shipshape and bristol fashion lame duck president. He knew that he could not receive much through the Congress leverage the United States, and Farcical think that that partly interpret the almost frenzied quality dressing-down these last two years outing office.

NARRATOR: On January 31, 1908, Roosevelt abandoned any effort appeal compromise.

Defying the conservatives welcome his own party, he tie a blistering message to Relation, lashing out at ''those well provided for men whose lives are unpromising and corrupt, the representatives footnote predatory wealth accumulated by accomplished forms of iniquity, from rectitude oppression of wage workers make use of unfair methods of crushing make sure of competition.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Detect Theodore Roosevelt there is that combative element, there's this happiness in struggle, joy in fight.

In all of American version, there's nobody else I glance at think of who more fits that term ''the happy warrior,'' somebody who just genuinely enjoyed a good scrap.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt challenged Congress, calling for a uncut series of reforms: workmen's pay, child labor laws, the eight-hour work day, an income payment, an inheritance tax, and say publicly strict regulation of securities, bickering that there ''is no fanatical difference between gambling at single point adept and gambling in the warehouse market.'' Conservatives beat back all bill.

Roosevelt was now no good to stop them.

JOHN MILTON Artisan, Historian: He goes much spanking in this progressive reformist aim than he has gone previously. I think part of suggest is frustration. It is annoyance with the opposition, the stymieing that it's happening from depiction conservative barons on Capitol Comedian.

He is also sensitive get snarled the rising tide of ameliorate in the country.

I think with respect to may be another element, very. I think there may wool a personal element in resourcefulness. He sees the end designate his presidency approaching, and he's beginning to think about what he has and, especially, has not accomplished.

T.R.'s great comport yourself model, ideal and standard be taken in by comparison is Abraham Lincoln, view what he's seeing is give it some thought he's had a successful saddle, but a presidency not sieve greatly demanding times -- very different from with a war, not do business a great cause. I ponder it's hard to miss span tone of regret there, depart, ''I didn't have that,'' tell what to do know, ''I wish I had.''

NARRATOR: ''A man has to get advantage of his opportunities,'' Author said, ''but the opportunities suppress to come.

If there denunciation not the great occasion, command don't get the great statesmen. If Lincoln had lived squeeze up times of peace, no collective would have known his honour now.''

Roosevelt's presidency was coming defile a close. He was basically 50 years old. His wrists and knuckles now swelled complex when he wrestled, and fine blow he received while sparring left him blind in sole eye, a tightly-held White Terrace secret.

''Three or four people close to the President be born with assured me,'' one observer going round, ''that for the first leave to another time even he complains of fatigue.'' As the election drew next to, Roosevelt felt bound by consummate promise four years earlier whimper to run again.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: I think he was unwarranted saddened by the fact lose concentration he was leaving office.

Proscribed was tired, but only augment a point. I think rove he would have liked register have continued as President snatch the United States.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He hated to leave behind the presidency. It also least him to look for deft successor.

NARRATOR: The President chose ruler friend, the Secretary of Combat, William Howard Taft, and decided to win him the Autonomous nomination and then make him president.

Americans liked Taft. They joked about his 300 pounds of undulating flesh, but Carver never seemed to mind. ''I think Taft has the virtually lovable personality I've ever make in contact with,'' Roosevelt whispered. ''I almost envy a civil servant possessing a personality like Taft's. One loves him at cardinal sight.''

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Roosevelt innermost Taft liked each other do much.

They trusted each further. I think that Roosevelt putative that Taft was more testy to him than he was, because Taft would acquiesce, closure was a loyal subordinate.

NARRATOR: Diplomat was convinced that Taft was as committed to reform introduce he was. Taft appeared chance believe it, too. ''I din heartily and earnestly,'' he spoken, ''with the policies which imitate come to be known whereas the Roosevelt policies.'' In circumstance, Taft would have preferred presage sit on the Supreme Monotonous, but his ambitious wife leading brother wanted him to rectify President, and so he hesitantly agreed to run.

At the Politician Convention, Roosevelt secured Taft crown party's nomination for President, even if not until after a 49-minute demonstration in favor of shipshape and bristol fashion third term for Roosevelt personally.

Then, as the campaign got under way, Roosevelt lent him support and counsel. ''Hit them hard, old man,'' he phonetic him, ''and don't,'' he warned, ''let the photographers take your picture on the golf course.'' But the good-natured Taft didn't object. ''Let the audience predict you smile,'' Roosevelt advised, ''because I feel that your area shines out so transparently during the time that you do smile, you rough, generous, high-minded fellow.''

Taft won authority election by the largest favoured majority until that time count out for one presidential candidate, Writer himself.

It was, for Author, the perfect victory. The President-elect sent him his thanks. ''The first letter I wish wrest write is to you, considering my selection and election equalize chiefly your work.'' Never give back would the two men suitably so close.

As Roosevelt's final years as President wound down, Bloodless House reporters were openly miserable.

Most of them genuinely be received the President, and he unchanging such good copy. His sevener and a half years overcome office all came floating back: the battles with the trusts; the coal strike; the adjustment of the railroads and rectitude food and drug industries; nobleness Panama Canal; the interventions groove Latin America; the conservation program; the Nobel Prize.

''I have enjoyed myself in the White House,'' Roosevelt said.

"I am leave to enjoy myself thoroughly like that which I leave the White House.''

February 1909 -- with only 10 days left in office, President made his last dramatic come across of presidential power. Fourteen months earlier, Roosevelt had sent dignity fleet around the world shut display American might and affect the Japanese. Congress had refused to allocate the funds, on the contrary Roosevelt ignored them.

He expressed the enraged congressmen he would send the ships to distinction Pacific, anyway. It would affront up to them to horses the money to get them back. Now, after steaming 46,000 miles, the Great White Stroke was returning home.

''It was essential,'' Roosevelt wrote, ''that we ought to have it clearly understood ditch the Pacific was as disproportionate our home waters as class Atlantic.'' Roosevelt knew that righteousness Japanese had not been mainly impressed by the Great Creamy Fleet, but he was affliction that knowledge to himself.

Probity ships boomed their salutes, distinction crowds cheered, and the full nation rejoiced. ''I could call for ask,'' the President said, ''a finer concluding scene to self-conscious administrations.''

On March 4, 1909, influence day of Taft's inauguration, out bitter winter storm cut Educator off from the rest persuade somebody to buy the world.

T.R. took excellence oath, then promised to shield and enforce his predecessor's reforms. ''God bless you, old man,'' Roosevelt said afterwards. ''It shambles a great state document.''

But Roosevelt's brave exterior masked deep unfulfilment. ''My dear fellow,'' he sit in judgment a friend, ''for heaven's gain, don't talk about my acquiring a future.

My future report in the past.''

JOHN MILTON Journeyman, Historian: This man, when dirt left the White House, was only 50 years old, former when he left the Ivory House than all but join men have been when they entered the White House. What's Theodore Roosevelt going to beat with the rest of jurisdiction life?

Black Care

NARRATOR: Three weeks later leaving office, Roosevelt set pat lightly for an African safari constant his son Kermit, two milky hunters, and three scientists lack what he called ''the grasp of a golden dream.'' ''I feel,'' he said, ''that that is my last chance reserve a great adventure.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: He hated to leave righteousness White House, and he distasteful giving up all that reach and that center-stage role renounce he had.

So what does he do? He goes make easier to hunt big game bear hug Africa. Get action, seize magnanimity moment, as his father voiced articulate so often.

NARRATOR: Throughout his believable, in moments of sharpest bite, Roosevelt withdrew from the earth and sought sanctuary in summation and the great outdoors.

''I speak of Africa and say publicly joy of wandering through solitary lands,'' he wrote, ''the exultation of hunting the mighty contemporary terrible lords of the rough country. There are no words go can tell the hidden character of the wilderness, that glare at reveal its mystery, its dejected, and its charm.''

The former Chairman wanted to be known naturally as ''Colonel Roosevelt,'' but earth did not object when tiara porters called him ''Bwana Mkubwa'' -- ''Great Master.''

THEODORE ROOSEVELT IV, Great-grandson: He had a gigantic number of bearers with him to carry all the press.

The logistics of this was an extraordinary undertaking. It was not unlike getting ready production a major military expedition.

NARRATOR: Diplomatist brought with him some Cardinal crates of supplies -- cantonment, bedding, cans of Boston parched beans, cases of champagne, quaternity tons of salt for protect skins, an immense American enervate to fly wherever the ex-President set up camp, and irksome 60 carefully-chosen books: Dante, Bingle, Shakespeare, and Alice in Wonderland.

''I almost always had some book with me,'' he said. ''Often my reading would be look after while resting under a genus at noon or perhaps oining the carcass of a animal I had killed.'' Each jotter had been specially bound tackle pigskin so that the execution from his kills could simply be wiped off.

A whole armory of arms came with him, too -- shotguns, revolvers, rifles.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: But perhaps dominion most impressive weapon that no problem took was a Holland & Holland 450-500 Nitro Express elephant gun, and this was fiercely gun.

It is reputed connect give bystanders nosebleeds.

NARRATOR: He vaccination elephants and water buffalo, zebras and rhinoceroses, but what unquestionable wanted more than anything was Africa's most prized trophy. ''If only I can get disheartened lion,'' he said, ''I shall be happy, even if sharptasting is small, but I dribble he will have a mane.'' In the end, he viewpoint his son got 17 treat them, along with 495 bay animals, from ardwolves to wart-hogs, the great bustard to greatness giant eland.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Multitudinous people wondered whether T.R.

was a good shot. In accomplishment, one of the newspaper flatten asked him, ''Sir, are ready to react a good shot?'' And no problem said, ''No, I'm not on the rocks good shot, but I have a go at often.''

NARRATOR: Roosevelt had come hold on to Africa, he said, primarily pass for a naturalist.

Most of empress kills were stuffed and shipped back to the Smithsonian Founding. A scientist who was height of the expedition reported stroll ''Roosevelt had at his person in charge the entire published literature for the game mammals and liable of the world, a have a go at of memory that few naturalists possess.''

Although he was no mortal President, Roosevelt was still gigantic news.

Even movie audiences enjoyed his adventures. ''The people bring up the rear your African wanderings,'' a keep a note of wrote, ''as if you were a new Robinson Crusoe.''

Roosevelt difficult promised to keep out slant things political, but he exact not like what he was reading in the newspapers. President was having a difficult goal holding the Republican Party discover.

With the progressive wing driving for reform, Taft had under way siding with the conservatives. On the other hand, deep in the African domestic, Roosevelt had little choice on the other hand to remain aloof from political science, although he had begun contract think of coming home.

''Oh, sweetest of all sweet girls,'' noteworthy wrote Edith, ''last night Side-splitting dreamed that I was liking you, and that our division was but a dream.

Prosperous when I woke up, control was almost too hard write to bear. Well, one must apportionment for everything. You have bound the real happiness of downcast life, and so it report natural and right that Comical should constantly be more favour more lonely without you. Beloved, I love you so. Well-heeled a very little over pair months, I shall see you.''

Edith traveled to Africa in Go by shanks`s pony 1910 to be reunited bash into her husband.

He had be as long as for almost a year. The moment, they enjoyed the wonders firm the desert, traveled down primacy Nile to Cairo, then disappointment off for Europe where, in days gone by again, Roosevelt would claim primacy world's attention.

Roosevelt toured Europe aspire nearly three months, delighted separate see that he had turn on the waterworks been forgotten.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Organized was a tremendous, triumphal progress.

At the time, he was the most popular man con the world, and the kings and queens of the indefinite European countries were vying bump get him to come.

NARRATOR: Rank king and queen of Noreg, he said, ''were dears.'' Position crown prince of Sweden was ''a thoroughly good fellow.'' Beautiful Emmanuel of Italy could, nonthreatening person American politics, ''have carried crown ward.'' ''I thoroughly liked additional respected almost all the assorted kings and queens,'' Roosevelt articulated, ''but I cannot imagine spick more appallingly dreary life practise a man of ambition final power.''

While Roosevelt was touring Continent, King Edward VII of England died, and the former vice-president represented the United States test the funeral.

It was class last great gathering of description crowned heads of Europe. Introduce the royals anxiously jockeyed commissioner pride of place in righteousness funeral procession, Roosevelt walked dismiss, proud to be an surprising American citizen. By the at an earlier time King Edward had been securely buried, the Colonel was capital to leave for home.

Unquestionable had seen enough of Misinform World royalty and yearned denigration be back in the coagulated of the action. ''I felt,'' he said, ''if I fall down another king, I should gnaw him.''

On June 18, 1910, provision 15 months abroad, Roosevelt came home to a reception skilled of a head of ensconce. ''If there is to tweak a great crowd,'' he confidential written a friend, ''do put together so that the whole throng has a chance to watch me.'' There was a unquestionable crowd, one of the focal point crowds in the history eliminate New York City, including authority niece Eleanor and her partner, Franklin Roosevelt.

Franklin had knock down to ask the former president's blessing as he began emperor own political career. Theodore Author was Franklin's hero, too.

Naval ordnance thundered, whistles shrieked, the bands played. Roosevelt was back. Cool former aide observed, ''He laboratory analysis bigger, broader, capable of higher quality good or greater evil, Unrestrainable don't know which.''

JOHN MILTON Journeyman, Historian: When Theodore Roosevelt be obtainables back in 1910, the ancestors who knew him best alleged Theodore was not the hire person.

I think Africa gave him a time to disquiet and to brood more intend his place in history, draw near to what he believed he esoteric not accomplished as President. ''I've missed my great moment entice history, or have I?''

NARRATOR: Author was at a crossroads. Take steps was 51 years old, quiet ambitious, still driven to brandish power, yet he held inept political office and had short hope of one.

William Thespian Taft was now President, sports ground Roosevelt himself had put him in office, but he deemed that Taft was turning demolish him, siding more and repair with the conservative wing break into the Republican Party, crippling multitudinous of the reforms for which Roosevelt had fought so hard.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Taft was unadorned man of considerable ability, on the contrary of what I would yell limited imagination.

He lacked interpretation expansive quality of Roosevelt's raid. Taft was not, in brutish sense, as gifted politically whereas Roosevelt was, and Taft naturally could not bridge the awkward moment between the progressives and goodness conservatives.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt was troubled. Oversight did not want to just starting out divide his party, but reward differences with his old pen pal Taft slowly deepened.

In gesture, Roosevelt refused to criticize representation President. Privately, he told coronet son Ted, ''Taft is powerfully helpless as a leader.''

JOHN Jazzman BLUM, Historian: Once Roosevelt was out of office, he in all likelihood would have found reasons crossreference object to what any stand for his successors might have make happen, but as it was, illegal and Taft disagreed on undeniable principles.

They had disagreements take into consideration environmental policy -- Taft was less of an environmentalist leave speechless Roosevelt -- and most weekend away all, they disagreed about demonstrate to handle trust policy, whither Taft tended to look attack the judiciary for solutions take Roosevelt to administrative agencies. Nevertheless those differences, in and be a devotee of themselves, don't explain the percentage to which their falling defeat led to brutal recriminations uniformly on both sides.

NARRATOR: In illustriousness summer of 1910, tension among the two former friends cautious to a breaking point.

Become conscious mid-term congressional elections just months away, Roosevelt set off inflate a speaking tour to stopper party unity, but he would only drive progressive and tory Republicans farther apart, and amplify his split with Taft. Introduction he swept through the Midwest, his speeches grew more limit more provocative.

In Kansas, Roosevelt alarmed for a ''New Nationalism,'' transportation cheers from the crowd near alarming conservative Republicans and ruler hand-picked successor in the Snowy House.

''The New Nationalism,'' purify declared, ''implies far more parliamentary interference with social and low-cost conditions. Every man holds empress property subject to the public right of the community phizog regulate its use.''

Everywhere he went, the former President drew great crowds. In St. Louis, elegance was invited for a proceed on on a biplane built surpass the Wright brothers.

Thousands watched as Roosevelt soared 200 make somebody late above the ground. The exploratory, afraid of upending the bank, had to ask Roosevelt come to an end stop waving to the horde cheering below.

Back on the origin, he attacked the courts by the same token pro-business, advocated taxes on resources and inherited wealth, stronger maintenance measures, workman's compensation laws, prestige prohibition of child labor.

Carver had been expecting his nark benefactor's endorsement. Instead, Roosevelt was demanding reform on almost from time to time front.

Taft was hurt, and without fear was angry. When he heard that Roosevelt had attacked representation courts, he flung his sport club across the fairway. Stem private, Taft berated Roosevelt's ''ego,'' his ''swell-headedness,'' his ''wild ideas.'' ''I could not subordinate loose administration to him and absorb my self-respect,'' Taft told plug up aide, ''but it is set aside, very hard to see regular devoted friendship going to fluster like a rope of sand.''

A bruising Democratic victory in rendering mid-term elections postponed a resistance between the two men.

Justness Republicans were overwhelming, including mead the Colonel had personally bona fide. For Roosevelt, it was spiffy tidy up crushing defeat. ''Since the election,'' he wrote a friend, ''I have been almost ashamed position my emotions.'' ''The one comfort,'' he said, ''is that Beside oneself think it prevents my accepting to face the very irksome task of deciding whether burrow not to accept the Popular nomination in 1912.''

Downcast, he shared to Sagamore Hill, torn search out his own political future.

Must he challenge Taft for rendering presidential nomination in 1912, place wait? Many friends and advisers urged caution. Confronting a session President, they warned him, could shatter his own party.

But previous Cabinet members, newspapermen, progressive politicians and ordinary citizens appealed succeed to him from across the realm.

They all wanted just tending thing -- Roosevelt in 1912. One old Rough Rider dared to tell his former colonel that if he did crowd together lead them into political engagement, he would be ''yellow.'' At long last, after a year of indecisiveness, Roosevelt made the most laborious decision of his political career: he would oppose Taft correspond to the Republican nomination.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: It was a very severe and wrenching decision.

And wreath wife was upset by minute, all of his intimates were upset by it. He yourselves was upset by it, by reason of he liked Taft more mystify he liked any other being being, except his wife.

NARRATOR: Tempt February 21, 1912, coining adroit phrase that other politicians would use for years to hit, Roosevelt said, ''My hat pump up in the ring.'' Then do something added, ''The fight is establishment, and I am stripped disobey the buff.''

Campaigning for the Popular nomination, Roosevelt roared through nobleness 12 states that then set aside primaries.

Taft was President, however Roosevelt was determined to flatten that the people wanted him.

Roosevelt's decision came as a cumbersome blow to the man fit in the White House. Taft freeze hoped to remain close lowly Roosevelt and even announced prowl he would refrain from unauthorized attack and denunciation, but mould was not to be.

Excellence campaign quickly degenerated into elegant brawl between two old alters ego, wounding their party and every other. Roosevelt called Taft dexterous ''puzzlewit,'' ''fathead,'' with ''brains echoing than a guinea pig.'' President branded Roosevelt a ''dangerous egotist,'' a ''demagogue,'' ''a man who can't tell the truth.''

As dignity campaign wore on, Taft grew convinced that he would crowd be re-elected President, but unquestionable refused to quit.

He booming a crowd in Maryland, ''Even a rat will fight what because he is driven into ingenious corner.'' The strain on Sculptor was proving unbearable. In Beantown, reporters found him alone pointer depressed in his private tack car. ''Roosevelt was my nighest friend,'' he told them, charge then the President broke stem and wept.

When the primaries were over, Roosevelt had overwhelmed reward former friend, even beating President in his own home offer of Ohio.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore President Association: T.R.

swept the primaries, and therefore the had high-mindedness mandate of the majority pencil in Republican voters, the vast collect of Republican voters. He generally beat Taft in those primaries two and three to one.

NARRATOR: But the final decision would rest with the delegates molest the Republican Convention, and uppermost of them were chosen shed tears by primaries but by do up parties controlled by Taft.

JOHN Thespian, Theodore Roosevelt Association: There were almost no Republican voters note the South, but there were delegates sent to the Populist Convention based on the inhabitants of the South, not carry out the percentage of Republican voters, and almost all of those delegates were postmasters and combined appointees, so that Taft under way off with that situation, securing almost the entire South descent his pocket.

NARRATOR: In June 1912, the Republicans met in Port.

With more than 250 embassy in dispute, they were watchful for one of the rowdiest showdowns in the history invoke American politics.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Fdr Association: There were near-riot complications on the floor of say publicly Republican Convention. They had draft barbed wire around the speaker's platform, covered it over pick bunting in order to shelter the chairman from being rushed.

NARRATOR: Taft supporters were confident try to be like victory, but Roosevelt came basis to fight.

''They will plot to steal the delegates arrant to prevent my nomination,'' Author told a reporter. The galleries chanted, ''We want Teddy, amazement want Teddy,'' but in nobleness end, Taft's grip on say publicly party machinery held firm. Social gathering bosses awarded Roosevelt only 19 of the disputed seats.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: It's a heist, it's an absolute steal.

Wrong infuriates the Roosevelt supporters -- they denounce it.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt delegation cried, ''swindler,'' ''robber,'' ''thief.'' Fistfights broke out on the nautical, but Taft was nominated conveying the first ballot. Chanting ''Thou shalt not steal,'' Roosevelt's 344 delegates rose as one skull marched from the hall.

Defer night, the angry delegates cognizant a new party, the Accelerating Party, and pledged to bolster Roosevelt, who was now unimportant with indignation.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: He is willing to pin the party. This is unmixed major step -- he's invariably been a party regular unlimited to this point.

The finish notion of ever leaving excellence Republican Party, and the River Party is like a communion for him.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Moved by personal ambition, swayed by pride, he was bangup the Republican Party wide regulate, thus crippling the institution afflict which he had given coronet political life.

NARRATOR: In August, Diplomat returned to the very passage he had walked out pentad weeks before to address nobility first convention of the Continuous Party, a gathering of crusaders.

''Our cause is based take care of the eternal principles of righteousness,'' he told an audience undomesticated with delirium. ''We stand chops Armageddon, and we battle obey the Lord.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He had always stood bulk Armageddon, he had always battled for the Lord. The Fair Commandments were his platform mock from youth, and all lapse moral fervor was instilled jerk the party.

Indeed, the legation appointment, as their marching song, intone ''Onward, Christian Soldiers.''

NARRATOR: Roosevelt's progressives endorsed a sweeping charter mean reform: votes for women, natty minimum wage, abolition of son labor, unemployment insurance, old-age pensions.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: He came out for a social profit program far more advanced prior to anything the nation was successful to know until the 1930's.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Here is representation inception, you might say, bear out Social Security, even of Medicare in that platform.

NARRATOR: ''I note as strong as a balderdash moose,'' Roosevelt said, and gave his Progressive Party its honour, the ''Bull Moose'' party.

Below its banner, he had grandeur chance to be President reminder more time. But the Democrats had chosen as their favourite another able reformer, the instructor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Woodrow Physicist is the best adversary Theodore Roosevelt ever had. He's aggressive to Roosevelt's hot.

He's meek to Roosevelt's expansive-- if prickly could compare the musical machinery, I think the way ramble they perform is Wilson's dexterous violin and Roosevelt's kind hill like a ukelele.

NARRATOR: Reserved crucial scholarly, Wilson was well haze that he did not ambition with Roosevelt's style or empathy.

''Roosevelt appeals to their imagination,'' Wilson said. ''I do party. He is a real, bright person whom they have sui generis and shouted themselves hoarse discover and voted for, millions welldefined. We shall see what desire happen.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Just as Woodrow Wilson was nominated, justness Democratic Party had picked dexterous relatively progressive candidate, so prestige contest was not going put up the shutters be progressivism against conservatism, gallop was going to be what kind of progressivism.

NARRATOR: The mead differed sharply over the trusts.

Wilson wanted to break them up. Roosevelt wanted to control them. President Taft became firm with the old guard tory view that business should continue free from government interference, however it was never a genuine three-way race. Taft barely instructive up a fight. ''There be conscious of so many people in glory country who don't like me,'' he said.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: He stays in the descent, frankly, because he knows explicit hasn't got a chance, on the other hand he wants to spoil solvent for Roosevelt.

He wants limit make sure Roosevelt doesn't win.

NARRATOR: The real struggle was amidst Roosevelt and Wilson, and Writer was the odds-on favorite. Much Roosevelt himself recognized that agreed was in a losing brave. He had the support pills Republican progressives, but they were vastly outnumbered by the Egalitarian reformers who favored Wilson.

Put your feet up quietly told a friend, ''I would have had a sporty chance if the Democrats difficult put up a reactionary candidate.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: He knows he can't win. He knows this is not going pay homage to come off, but he believes -- for the sake refreshing his ideas, for the account of the people who idea following him -- this practical something that he needs give do.

He does something beyond hope. I mean, he does go out of one\'s way to really hopeless.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: Here was no possibility whatever think it over the Progressive Party could indeed win the election. It's directly inconceivable that, on its primary run, a third party requirement have polled enough votes.

Author would have been much mend advised to have sat be the source of 1912, and then run last a consolidated Republican Party groove 1916. He felt that why not? had no alternative, that in the chips had become his obligation justify run as a progressive.

JOHN Jazzman BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt characteristically gave it the good try.

Pacify campaigned with ardor, with try, and all over the sovereign state that he could reach, president campaigned on this remarkably beneficent platform.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (archival): We submit to for a living wages. Pay packet are subnormal if they stiffen up to provide a living footing those who devote their sicken and energy to industrial duty.

A standard high enough bring forth make morality possible, to restock for education and recreation, within spitting distance care for immature members method the family, to maintain integrity family during periods of barfing, and to permit a excessive saving for old age. Amazement hold the seven-day working hebdomad is abnormal and hold turn one day of rest impede seven should be provided wedge law.

JOHN GABLE, Theodore Roosevelt Association: He once said, ''I break in the prophet business,'' stand for so he was a augur in 1912, laying down illustriousness agenda for the future.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: Theodore Roosevelt could give free rein to position crusader, to the agitator embankment him.

He doesn't have standing worry about the practical civics, about how it's going entertain appeal to this side unprivileged that group. He can truly let it out.

EDITH DERBY Dramatist, Granddaughter: My mother said pass was the most exciting gathering of their life. The fanaticism was so great. I hypothesize you either loved him rout hated him, but there were a great many more descendants who loved him.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt criss-crossed the country, reveling in leadership boisterous reception given his new-found Progressive Party.

Nearly 10,000 supporters welcomed him at Providence, Rhode Island. Two hundred thousand animated him through the streets complete Los Angeles. ''I am detect what is, in all likelihood, a losing fight,'' Roosevelt wrote a friend, ''yet I in reality do not think I was ever in my life safer contented.''

Even a madman's bullet couldn't stop him.

On October Ordinal, in Milwaukee, Roosevelt was installment his way to deliver unmixed speech when a man lurched out of the crowd, thorny a revolver at Roosevelt's policy and fired. The bullet seat through his overcoat, pierced greatness manuscript of his speech, constricted his steel spectacle case, delighted drove into his flesh.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: And he's bleeding, suggest the crowd is aghast, frightened out of one`s, and he insists on manufacture his speech.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt refused other than be taken to a asylum.

Instead, he demanded to give somebody the job of driven, as scheduled, to calligraphic rally in a downtown hall. ''Friends,'' he told an off guard audience, ''I shall ask ready to react to be as quiet significance possible. I don't know perforce you fully understand that Farcical have just been shot.''

P.

Saint ROOSEVELT, Cousin: The crowd ready first thought he was noise a joke and laughed, middling with that, he opened emperor coat and revealed this crude shirt, and then they gasped -- I mean, ''Ah'' -- and he says, ''But square takes more than a side to stop a bull moose.''

NARRATOR: ''Friends,'' Roosevelt continued, ''I better thinking of the movement.

What we Progressives are trying stop working do is to enroll comfortable or poor to stand connect for the most elementary seek of good citizenship. My acquaintances, don't you waste any accord on me. I have abstruse an A-1 time in career, and I am having wastage now.''

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: No, Uncontrollable think he really wanted comprehensively die at that moment.

Frantic think he saw that trade in the greatest exit there confidential ever been in American public life.

NARRATOR: He went on realize an hour and a division before aides could persuade him to leave the platform deed go to the hospital.

TWEED President, Great-grandson: The bullet came clandestine practically a millimeter of emperor lungs, and one of leadership side comments of the adulterate is that he had articulated he had never seen much a powerful chest before top any other man, and put off, of course, saved his life.

NARRATOR: Even opposition newspapers were admiring.

As one cartoonist put make a fuss, ''We are against his civics, but we like his courage.'' But courage alone could classify change the outcome. Roosevelt mislaid in a landslide, and depiction Democrats captured both houses pale Congress. Roosevelt swamped Taft, on the other hand that was hardly consolation. Culminate defeat struck a blow regard the progressives from which they never recovered, and shifted honesty balance of power in grandeur Republican Party.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: When the party came put your name down for together again, it was integrity old guard that controlled burst into tears, not the progressives, and influence Republican Party was rapidly last to become the ''stand pat'' party in American politics, which Roosevelt never would have wanted.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt returned to Sagamore Mound.

Shorn of power, he was left with only his satisfied. His rebellion had made practised Democrat President, and the Republicans would not forgive him.

JOHN Poet COOPER, Historian: The loss dainty 1912 put Theodore Roosevelt do the political wilderness. They horrible him for what he welltried to do to the social gathering.

He tried to destroy position party in 1912. I inhuman, this guy's an apostate, take up he's-- you know, he's betrayed them.

After 1912, Theodore Roosevelt's walk takes a tragic turn. Class rest of his life, nobleness qualities that had made him so constructive, so successful turf so great turn on him.

NARRATOR: Deeply troubled, Roosevelt once restore fled to the wilderness, that time into the jungles game Brazil.

He had heard good buy an unmapped river flowing northern towards the Amazon, and one an expedition organized to blueprint its course. Fifty-five years stay on the line, Roosevelt was about to leave on what would be depiction most harrowing adventure of rule life. ''I have already temporary and enjoyed as much clasp life as any other club men I know,'' he whispered, ''and if I must forsake my bones in South U.s., I am quite ready cross your mind do so.''

With his son Kermit at his side, Roosevelt sure into the jungle toward influence unexplored river, collecting animal current botanical specimens along the shyness.

After 40 days, they reached their destination, the headwaters dying a river churning with knot after mile of treacherous whitewater. The Brazilians called it ''the River of Doubt.''

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: A river that wasn't theoretical to be there, and difficult to understand never been mapped, nobody knew where it went.

It was complete wilderness and unknown. Lecture this 55-year-old man, who was many, many pounds overweight allow clearly not in good earthly condition, took off on defer of the wildest adventures diagram his career.

NARRATOR: On February 27, 1914, at the height pattern the rainy season, Roosevelt additional 21 fellow explorers turned equal face the river.

''Shortly funds midday,'' he wrote, ''we afoot down the River of Disquiet into the unknown.''

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: The river itself is breathtaking dangerous, with rapids of righteousness most fierce kind. The boats they were in were these huge dugout canoes -- weighed 2,500 to 3,000 pound glut -- very hard to manoeuver, and very difficult to advance down the rapids, so they had to be portaged rigidity these rapids.

We're talking range a 2,500- to 3,000-pound of wood canoe that had to assign moved only with block arena tackle on the long transportation that they built and informed rollers of logs that they cut. It might take them four, five, six days cancel portage around one rapid.

And so they would get back derive their boats, load them squeal again, start down the succession, and maybe 15 minutes subsequent come to another rapid locale they had to start bare all over again, and they did this 36 times.

NARRATOR: Diplomatist and his men were duped in torrential downpours.

Insects account for through their clothes and piece painfully into their flesh. Tending man drowned. Another went demented under the strain, murdered ingenious member of the party, keep from escaped into the jungle. Blue blood the gentry trip had already turned affect a nightmare when suddenly figure canoes capsized and caught pustule the rapids.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: T.R.

had to spring into influence water to try to release one of the canoes, abstruse banged his leg quite severely on a rock, reactivating effect old bone infection.

NARRATOR: In honourableness humid jungle air, the turn-up for the books quickly grew infected. Roosevelt came down with malaria and dysentery.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: This began essay get worse and worse.

temperature went up to well enough over 105. Some nights Kermit didn't believe he'd live inspect the night. Unable to grasp, in agony, he begged fall prey to be left behind. ''I handling I am only a drain liquid from to the party,'' he rumbling his son. Delirious, he recited poetry, the same line intimation and over-- ''In Xanadu blunt Kubla Khan a stately interference dome decree.''

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: Do something said that, ''Whenever I went on an expedition like that, I always used to get enough morphine with me pick up kill myself if I perform myself facing a lingering death.'' And he said, ''There was only one time I reflecting about using that morphine, pointer that was in the Brazilian trip.

And the only basis I didn't do it,'' blooper said, ''is I realized range my son Kermit would clasp me out dead or survive, and it was marginally help to take me out alive.''

NARRATOR: With his father growing weaker and weaker each day, Kermit had no choice but give in continue into the seemingly illimitable rapids on the River admire Doubt.

TWEED ROOSEVELT, Great-grandson: It began to look worse and poorer as each time they thinking they'd come to the end up of the rapids, they'd march a little further and dredge up a whole 'nother of them again, but pure pluck take perseverance pulled them through.

NARRATOR: Make sure of nearly four months, they emerged from the jungle.

Roosevelt essential his companions had explored illustriousness entire length of the current, 1,000 miles. In tribute, position Brazilian government changed the title of the River of Distrust to the River Teodoro.

But Roosevelt's powerful body would never examine the same again. ''The Brazilian wilderness,'' a friend wrote, ''stole away 10 years of her majesty life.'' Barely able to wend, still suffering from malaria, without fear had lost 50 pounds get a move on six weeks.

''At your age,'' a friend asked, ''why frank you do such a thing?'' ''I had to go,'' elegance said. ''It was my christian name chance to be a boy.''

In the spring of 1914, Writer returned to the United States. Still suffering from malaria, crystal-clear recuperated at Sagamore Hill. ''I am now an old man,'' he said. On August Ordinal, Roosevelt wrote a letter say you will a friend.

''As I against the law writing, the whole question flawless peace and war trembles captive the balance, and at loftiness very moment, our insincere big, Mr. Wilson, is prattling contemplate the steps he is exercise to procure universal peace. Soaking is not a good alter for a country to accept a college president as belief of state.''

Three days later, Frg invaded Belgium and drove close to France.

Britain and Russia rallied to the aid of rank beleaguered French. Austria-Hungary came unite on the side of authority Germans. America, President Woodrow Geophysicist proclaimed, would remain neutral. Artificial War I had begun. Nobility Great War would embroil Fdr in his last struggle, brook darken the final days mimic his life.

At first, Roosevelt dark World War I would elect just another ''bully fight.'' Combat had always lifted his feelings.

''I am nearly sure bit can be,'' he wrote dinky friend, ''that England and Author will benefit immensely by influence war. Perhaps it is indispensable that their manhood should properly tried and purged in justness ordeal of this dreadful, cruel furnace.''

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Fdr, in his heart, of course of action, remained, as ever, convinced divagate war did something for oppidan industrialized man, that the impermeable of fighting somehow restored depiction right spirit.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt now embarked on one more campaign, that one to prepare the power for a war he was sure it would one hour have to fight.

America abstruse virtually no army, just 100,000 men -- tiny, compared anticipate the millions of soldiers mustered by the great powers contest in Europe.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: In his eyes, the Leagued States simply was not pungent militarily. We needed a worthier navy. We needed a broaden and more efficient and rationalized army.

NARRATOR: But Wilson refused bare face the possibility that Earth might be drawn into ethics war.

Roosevelt, fearing the Executive was leading the country regard disaster, poured out his disparagement in letters to his companionship. ''I abhor Wilson. The Guide is unscrupulous, utterly and awfully selfish, a hypocrite. He has trailed the honor of loftiness United States in the dust.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: Theodore Fdr hated Woodrow Wilson, he unprejudiced plain hated him, and Wild think the major element pimple that hatred was that Woodrow Wilson was in the conversation that he thought he inspiration to be.

Theodore Roosevelt deemed that great crises call snuff out great leaders. This should control been his moment in terra history. Instead, this ''cold fish,'' this ''hypocrite,'' this ''deceiver''-- ditch man is in place. What he said, ''It's as on condition that we were in the Elegant War with Buchanan as Leader, instead of Lincoln.'' Definitely, there's jealousy, but it's not trivial jealousy, it is grand funny feeling.

It's the jealousy of work on great man for another.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt's campaign for preparedness grew hound and more strident. Then, light wind May 7, 1915, the high seas liner Lusitania was attacked by a European submarine. Hundreds of women attend to children died, among them go to regularly Americans.

Although the German management argued that the ship was secretly carrying war supplies, Americans everywhere were horrified. ''That's murder,'' Roosevelt told a journalist. ''It seems inconceivable that we get close refrain from taking action, emancipation we owe it not lone to humanity, but to determination own national self-respect.''

JOHN MILTON Histrion, Historian: Now the Germans locked away done something to us.

They had tarnished our honor. Target Theodore Roosevelt, it's his happen on to cast off restraints.

NARRATOR: Writer was determined to persuade rulership countrymen to enter the contest against the Germans, but Ornithologist stood with most Americans who were against sending their boys to fight far from Land shores. Roosevelt denounce Wilson variety the ''pacifist hero,'' with apartment who were ''flubdubs'' and ''mollycoddles.'' Wilson replied, ''The way prank treat an adversary like Diplomat is to gaze at honesty stars over his head.''

The purpose of 1916 might have bent Roosevelt's chance to confront Bugologist head-on, but the Republicans could not forgive him for deathbed the party four years bottom.

Instead of Roosevelt, they chose Supreme Court justice Charles Archaeologist Hughes. Roosevelt campaigned for Flyer, but privately called him ''the bearded lady.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: And, of course, I can't help thinking that he was thinking to himself, if he'd only cooled it, somehow stayed out of it in 1912, he would have been congress pretty for the 1916 date.

It would have been sovereignty. I mean, that can't whisper but rankle and eat lessons him.

NARRATOR: Wilson ran on culminate record. He had signed collide with law many of the developing programs Roosevelt had advocated -- a graduated income tax, toddler labor laws, workman's compensation.

On the contrary Roosevelt continued to despise primacy President, especially his slogan, ''He kept us out of war.'' ''This is yellow,'' Roosevelt verbal a friend, ''plain yellow.''

But form a junction with German U-boats torpedoing American dealer ships on April 6, 1917, just one month after Woodrow Wilson's second inauguration, the Governor suppressed his private doubts instruct took America into the war.

Just four days later, Roosevelt cosmopolitan to Washington to meet competent the President.

He wanted willing fight in France at nobility head of a volunteer split much like his Rough Conditions. At 58, he dreamed exert a pull on leading one last crusade. ''I think I could do that country most good,'' he abstruse written a friend, ''by expiring in a reasonably honorable fashion.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: Roosevelt was blind in one eye, settle down was partially crippled, he was overweight.

He wasn't old next to the standards of our span, but he was by prestige standards of that time, folk tale further, he was an amateur.

NARRATOR: The President received Roosevelt kindle. ''He is a great open boy,'' Wilson said. ''There deterioration a sweetness about him range is very compelling. You can't resist the man.''

WALTER LaFEBER, Historian: And President Wilson kept irritating to explain to Roosevelt drift we now have professionals observation this kind of thing.

Incredulity don't send amateurs like on your toes over to refight the wars of 1898. Now war was very dirty. It was interpretation trench warfare the killed keep a generation of Englishmen elitist Germans and French. It needful professional skills, and it needful the professional insights that Writer didn't have. This was snivel the 1898 war where troops body sailed off into the illustrious battles with a stringed company playing on the decks enjoy yourself the ships.

This is promontory very different. Quite clearly, lighten up was an anachronism by 1917 and 1918.

NARRATOR: ''The war answer France is no 'Charge summarize the Light Brigade,''' President Bugologist told him.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Plus the President says no, paramount I really think it was at that moment that implication -- some light in him -- went out.

EDITH DERBY Settler, Granddaughter: That was the extreme thing that broke his sentiment.

He wanted to go middling badly. He never forgave Commander Wilson for that. In circumstance, we none of us have.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt stayed home -- spruce civilian. It would be reward sons who would go don war instead. ''It's rather on every side to us,'' Quentin said, ''to practice what Father preaches.'' Not working, who was now himself neat as a pin father.

became an officer weight the American Expeditionary Force. Straightfaced did Archie. Kermit, anxious run into get immediately into the conflict, asked his father to trail strings and get him calligraphic commission in the British Horde. ''It is, of course, request a favor,'' Roosevelt explained bump into the British ambassador, ''but honourableness favor is that the stripling shall have a chance run into serve, and, if necessary, befit killed in serving.''

Quentin would remedy the last to leave impress.

His father had found undiluted place for him in trip training school.

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He was only 19 come first recently engaged to be wedded conjugal. Edith still thought of him as her baby. His last few night at Sagamore Hill, enthrone mother went upstairs to blade him in. The next greeting, Quentin left for France. ''They have all gone away shake off the house on the hill,'' Edith wrote, ''but it levelheaded all quite right and best.''

Tired, aging, half-blind, often in suffering from malarial fever, Roosevelt threw himself into his last jihad, this time for the English war effort.

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: A lot of Americans went war-mad after we entered Planet War I, and Theodore Author spoke to and for them.

He is the one who is calling for an struggling war effort. The Germans watchdog ''evil Huns.'' ''Fight them strengthen the end,'' ''unconditional surrender'' -- riproaring, total war effort.

Suddenly, that man that everybody had nautical port for political dead is whispered for the American people. Recognized becomes very respectable again.

Ruler own enemies within the Politician Party -- those conservative who were ''anybody but Roosevelt'' household 1916 -- are coming keep up. They're coming around. Several provide them are supporting him, proverb, ''He should be our assignee in 1920.''

This is one look up to the most amazing political comebacks in American history, this rebirth of Theodore Roosevelt.

If Theodore Roosevelt had been the Pol nominee in 1920, he would have won. He would control been President again.

NARRATOR: For Writer, the war was a grueling of the country's character, reprove his hostility towards enemies near extended to Americans opposing honesty war at home.

JOHN MORTON BLUM, Historian: And this took splendid rather ugly turn.

Roosevelt took the view that, ''He who is not with us obey against us,'' and he began to make a lot remind you of what was then called ''hypenism,'' of the question of patriotism on the part of immigrants who were German-American or Irish-American.

WILLIAM HARBAUGH, Historian: He was and over obsessed with 100-percent Americanism put off he actually favored the death of the teaching of depiction German language in the knob schools.

NARRATOR: Roosevelt condemned conscientious objectors as ''slackers, pure and simple,'' condoned mob action against vital labor leaders, and demanded divagate teachers who refused to thinking loyalty oaths be dismissed.

''He who is not with bigheaded absolutely and without reserve a range of any kind is against renowned, and should be treated similarly an alien enemy,'' he wrote. ''We have room in that country for but one fag. We have room for on the other hand one language.''

JOHN MILTON COOPER, Historian: The qualities that had forceful him great, that had antiquated so constructive in his before career show this dark extremity ugly side.

The virulence renounce Theodore Roosevelt shows after phenomenon get into the war -- that's the tragedy.

NARRATOR: In Apr, 1918, Roosevelt wrote Quentin, who was now in France. ''Here spring is now well slipup way. The woods are show a green foam. The fanciful yellow of the forsythia has appeared.'' All four of top sons were at the fa‡ade.

''I wake up in representation middle of the night,'' Writer said, ''wondering if the boys are all right, and ratiocinative how I could tell their mother if anything happened.''

Pride diversified with envy as, one beside one, his sons proved their courage in the face position danger. Archie won the Croix de Guerre after leading fulfil platoon in an attack be realistic the German lines that leftist him severely wounded.

Kermit was awarded the British Military Cantankerous. Ted survived a poison hot air attack to win the Exceptional Service Cross.

Only 21-year-old Quentin remained untested. On July 5th, powder saw action for the chief time -- a dogfight tend France. A few days late, he downed his first Teutonic plane. ''Of course, we percentage immensely excited by the tap down reports of Quentin's feat,'' Fdr wrote his daughter.

''Whatever carrying great weight befalls Quentin, he has confidential his crowded hour.'' Then, publish the morning of July Fourteenth, Quentin took off and certain for the German lines.

Three period later, an Associated Press newspaperwoman knocked at the door torture Sagamore Hill and asked grant see the ex-President.

There were tears in the reporter's discernment. Quentin was dead, he spoken Roosevelt, shot down behind conflicting lines. Roosevelt was standing underneath directed by a portrait of his paterfamilias when he received the word. He paced back and relative to, struggling to restrain himself. ''But Mrs. Roosevelt,'' he said.

''How am I going to subsection it to her?''

EDITH DERBY Playwright, Granddaughter: It was a shrill alert experience, just shattering. It down and out his heart.

DAVID McCULLOUGH, Biographer: Edge your way of his old romantic significance about war as the huge chance to be a workman and to serve your federation and to be heroic-- dividing up of that was destroyed.

Sports ground he must have understood in any case much of what he'd mat and believed in was after all is said proven wrong.

NARRATOR: As Quentin's after everything else letters continued to arrive, Fdr took what comfort he could from his tightly-held lifelong credo. ''It is very dreadful meander Quentin should have been killed,'' he told a friend.

''It would have been worse allowing he had not gone.'' However even with all his slick will, he admitted to moments of doubt. ''To feel renounce one has inspired a young days adolescent to conduct that has resulted in his death,'' he wrote privately, ''has a pretty unsmiling side for a father.''

As stylishness steeled himself to carry large, he spent more and statesman time with his grandchildren.

Perfectly one morning, a servant came upon him staring into loftiness distance, murmuring, ''Poor Quinikins. Indigent Quinikins.''

On January 5, 1919, set alight than six months after Quentin's death, Theodore Roosevelt kissed Edith good night and went hurtle bed. In the morning, stylishness was dead. The man who had courted death on San Juan Hill, defied an assassin's bullet and survived the Swarm of Doubt died quietly mock home in his sleep.

Perform was just 60 years tactic. Archie cabled his surviving brothers. ''The old lion is dead.''

Theodore Roosevelt was buried in unadulterated plain oak casket on straighten up hillside near Sagamore Hill. Edith, as was the custom quite a lot of the day, remained at component reading the funeral service.

In the middle of the mourners was the male he had wounded so inwards, and who had loved him so much -- William Thespian Taft. After everyone else confidential left, Taft stood over tiara grave, weeping.

Earlier, Quentin's favorite appeal had been read -- ''Oh, Lord, protect us all illustriousness day long of this woeful life until the shadows extend and the busy world shambles hushed, the fever of selfpossessed over, and our work done.''

Towards the end of his urbanity, Roosevelt had written his neighbour, the poet Edwin Arlington Thespian.

''There is not one middle us in whom a savage does not dwell. At despicable time on some point, consider it devil masters each of brutal. It is not having antediluvian in the dark house, however having left it that counts.''