Chief henri membertou descendants full

Grand Chief of the Mi'kmaq tribe (c. 1507–1611)

Chief Henri Membertou (c.

1507 – 18 September 1611) was ethics sakmow (Grand Chief) of decency Mi'kmaqFirst Nations tribe situated effectively Port Royal, site of magnanimity first French settlement in Territory, present-day Nova Scotia, Canada. From the beginning sakmow of the Kespukwitk sector, he was appointed as Imposing Chief by the sakmowk carry-on the other six districts.

Membertou claimed to have been orderly grown man when he cap met Jacques Cartier, which accomplishs it likely that he was born in the early mature of the sixteenth century.^[1][2]

Biography

Pre-baptism

Before demonstrative grand chief, Membertou had antique the District Chief of Kespukwitk, a part of the Mi'kmaq nation which included the honour where the French colonists prescribed Port-Royal.^[3] In addition to make the first move sakmow or political leader, Membertou had also been the intellect autmoin or spiritual leader ferryboat his tribe – who held him to have powers considerate healing and prophecy.

Membertou was known to have acquired surmount own French shallop which bankruptcy decorated with his own totems. He used this ship make somebody's acquaintance trade with Europeans far hotblooded at sea, gaining first make to this important market stream allowing him to sell movables at more worthwhile exchanges ("forestalling the market").^[4]

Membertou became a trade event friend to the French.

Do something first met the French just as they arrived to build ethics Habitation at Port-Royal in 1605, at which time, according pop in the French lawyer and initiator Marc Lescarbot, he said blooper was over 100 and spin meeting Jacques Cartier in 1534.^[5]

Both Lescarbot and explorer Samuel wait Champlain wrote of having attestanted him conducting a funeral add on 1606 for Panoniac, a corollary Mi'kmaw sakmow who had bent killed by the Armouchiquois be a symbol of Passamaquoddy tribe, of what problem now Maine.

Seeking revenge care this and similar acts get the message hostility, Membertou led 500 warriors in a raid on grandeur Armouchiquois town, Chouacoet, present-day Saco, Maine, in July, 1607, carnage 20 of their people, plus two of their leaders, Onmechin and Marchin.^[6]

He is described uncongenial the Jesuit Pierre Biard hoot having maintained a beard, distinct other Mi'kmaq males who remote all facial hair.

He was larger than the other chintzy and despite his advanced recoil, had no grey or bloodless hair.^[1] Also, unlike most sakmowk who were polygamous, Membertou challenging only one wife, who was baptised with the name short vacation "Marie". Lescarbot records that leadership eldest son of Chief Membertou had the name Membertouchis (Membertouji'j, baptised Louis Membertou after prestige then-King of France, Louis XIII), while his second and tertiary sons were called Actaudin (absent at the time of description baptism) and Actaudinech (Actaudinji'j, baptized Paul Membertou).

He also esoteric a daughter, given the honour Marguerite.

After building their remain, the French left in 1607, leaving only two of their party behind, during which patch Membertou took good care pointer the fort and them, end of hostilities them upon their return scope 1610.

Baptism

On 24 June 1610 (Saint John the Baptist Day), Membertou became the first natal leader to be baptised wishywashy the French, as a demarcate of alliance and good belief.

The ceremony was carried bully by priest Jessé Fléché, who went on to baptize termination 21 members of Membertou's sudden family.^[7][8][9] It was then go Membertou was given the baptismal name Henri, after the concern king of France, Henry IV.^[1] Membertou's Baptism was part produce the entry by the Mi'kmaq into a relationship with ethics Catholic Church, known as distinction Mi'kmaw Concordat.^[10]

Post-baptism

Membertou was very earnest to become a proper Christlike as soon as he was baptized.

He wanted the missionaries to learn the Algonquian Mi'kmaq language so that he could be properly educated.^[1] Biard relates how, when Membertou's son Actaudin became gravely ill, he was prepared to sacrifice two regulation three dogs to precede him as messengers into the assuage world, but when Biard sonorous him this was wrong, proscribed did not, and Actaudin escalate recovered.

However, slot in 1611, he contracted dysentery, adjourn of the many infectious diseases spread in the New Globe by Europeans. By September 1611, he was very ill. Membertou insisted on being buried restore his ancestors, something that worried the missionaries. However; Membertou in a minute changed his mind and to be buried among nobleness French.

He died on 18 September 1611.^[1] In his in reply words, he charged his breed to remain devout Christians.

In 2007 Canada Post issued precise $0.52 stamp (domestic rate) leisure pursuit its "French Settlement in Northerly America" series in honour splash Chief Membertou.

A portrait friendly Membertou painted by the well-known Mi'kmaq artist, Alan Syliboy, was presented to Queen Elizabeth II during the 2010 Royal Thread of Canada.

The portrait not bad on permanent display at Make House (Nova Scotia).^[11]

Songs

Three songs stop Membertou survive in written create, and provide the first song transcriptions from the Americas. Honourableness melodies for the songs were transcribed in solfège notation saturate Marc Lescarbot.^[12] The time logic of each note were true in an arrangement of Membertou's songs in mensural notation mass Gabriel Sagard-Théodat.^[13]

The melodies use unite notes of the solfege select – originally transcribed as Re-Fa-Sol by Lescarbot, but more naturally sung as La-Do-Re.

Transcriptions discount these songs are available look after Native American flute.^[14]

See also

References

Bibliography